570  Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs.  {^^£%f: 
nearly  colorless  fragments  of  laticiferous  vessels  than  in  the  other 
two  ;  numerous  fragments  of  the  yellowish  and  reddish-brown  cork. 
321.  Black  Mustard  Hulls. — Characteristic  stone  cells  and  pig- 
ment cells  of  seed  coat. 
322.  Capsicum. — See  No.  306,  stone  cells. 
323.  Chenopodium. — See  No.  108,  stone  cells. 
324.  Coffee. — Characteristic  fragments  of  seed  coat  made  up  of 
parenchyma  and  spindle-shaped  stone  cells  (175-200  /jl  long  and  35 
/x  wide) ;  most  of  the  cells  are  those  of  endosperm  with  brownish- 
colored  walls,  porous,  10  /jl  thick  and  contain  oil,  aleuron  and 
starch.  In  commerce  ground  coffee  is  either  made  from  the  true 
coffee  seed  or  is  an  artificial  mixture  of  cereals,  chicory,  etc. 
325.  -Colocynthis. — See  No.  549. 
326.  Colchici  Semen. — Starch  7- 1 5  /jl  ;  characteristic  thick-walled 
endosperm  cells  with  simple  pores  and  containing  oil  globules  and 
protein ;  reddish-brown  fragments  of  seed  coat,  the  brown  coloring 
matter  soluble  in  KOH. 
327.  Cubeba. — See  No.  308. 
328.  Guarana  — -Parenchyma  (60  x  70  /jl)  containing  aggregated 
more  or  less  altered  starch  grains  (10  x  10  /a);  stone  cells  (25  /jl  in 
diameter)  nearly  isodiametric  ;  sklerenchyma  fibres ;  on  addition  of 
KOH  needle-shaped  crystals  (caffeine)  may  be  obtained. 
329.  Pareira. — Yellowish  stone  cells  (70  x  45  /jl)  occurring  in 
groups  ;  numerous  starch  grains,  either  single  (7  x  10  to  1 5  x  1 5  /jl) 
or  compound  ;  wood  fibres. 
330.  Physostigma. — Starch,  25  x  40  /i ;  stone  cells,  also  charac- 
teristic palisade  sklerenchyma ;  stone  cells,  the  contents  of  which 
are  reddened  by  alkalies ;  oil  and  protein  as  granular  masses. 
331.  Phytolaccce  Radix. — See  No.  301. 
332.  Podophyllum. — Crystals  sometimes  apparently  wanting ; 
starch  in  single  (5-8  /jl)  or  4  to  6  compound  grains;  numerous  single 
cells  or  groups  with  yellowish  resin  ;  sklerenchyma  fibres  and  ducts. 
333.  Sassafras. — See  No.  313. 
334.  Serpentaria. — See  No.  145. 
(c)  Containing  starch ;  few  tissue  fragments  and  no  calcium  oxa- 
late crystals. 
335.  Amylum  Iodatum. — More  or  less  angular  grains  (7-20  /jl)  of 
corn  starch,  colored  uniformly  dark  blue  ;  on  focussing  above  on  the 
grain  the  edge  is  light  blue. 
