572 
Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
X  November.  1898. 
347.  Clove  Stems. — Numerous  rosette-shaped,  but  also  cubical 
(7  x  7  fju)  crystals  ;  sklerenchyma  fibres  30  fx  wide ;  numerous  stone 
cells  (30  x  100  fM  to  100  x  100  //,);  oil  secretion  reservoirs  not  so 
large  or  numerous  as  cloves. 
348.  Fceniculum. — Crystals  (2  /jl)  in  aleuron  6  ^ ;  brownish  oil  se- 
cretion reservoirs  with  characteristic  inner  epidermis  of  pericarp 
running  at  right  angles  to  the  same ;  thickened  latticed  paren- 
chyma. 
349.  Quassia  (Surinam). — See  No.  358. 
350.  Santonica. — Crystals  10  fi ;  pollen  grains,  spherical  (15 
/jl)  ;  sklerenchyma  fibres  ;  secretion  hairs  containing  crystals  (santo- 
nin) soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether ;  powder,  with  H2S04,  becomes 
immediately  blood-red.  Santonica  distinguished  from  Artemisia  by 
the  characteristic  T-non-secreting  hairs  of  the  latter, 
ft.  Crystals  cubical,  tetragonal  or  prismatic. 
351.  Aurantii  Amari  Cortex. — See  No.  206. 
352.  Aurantii  Dulcis  Cortex. — See  No.  207. 
353.  Gatdtheria. — See  No.  17. 
354.  Gentian. — Contains  some  small  colorless  or  yellow  prismatic 
crystals  (may  be  calcium  oxalate);  in  glycerin  large  prismatic  crys- 
tals (5x15/1)  separate  (possibly  a  sugar);  spiral  (30  /jl  wide),  and 
scalariform  (50  fi  wide)  ducts ;  yellowish  oil  globules ;  powder  with 
Fe2Cl6  dark  brown  ;  characteristic  "  ersatzfasern"  accompanying  the 
sieve. 
355.  Hamamelis. — See  No.  33. 
356.  lllicium. — Prismatic  crystals  (4-10  fx)  of  a  stearopten  in 
inner  epidermis  of  seed  coat ;  most  characteristic  are  the  skleren- 
chyma, of  which  there  are  3-4  forms,  of  these  the  palisade  skleren- 
chyma is  most  characteristic ;  loose  parenchyma ;  oil  in  cells.  In 
/.  religiosum  the  stone  cells  are  thicker  than  /.  anisatum}  and  on 
treatment  with  KOH  the  latter  becomes  port  wine  red  and  the 
former  a  dirty  orange-brown. 
357.  Insect  Pozvder. — See  No.  19. 
358.  Limonis  Cortex. —  See  No.  208. 
359.  Quassia. — Cubical  crystals  (15  fi)  in  wood  parenchyma; 
ducts  and  wood  fibre.  The  Jamaica  quassia  is  distinguished  from 
Surinam,  in  that  the  medullary  rays  of  the  former  are  2-3  rows 
wide,  whereas  in  Surinam  they  are  but  1  row  wide.  In  Jamaica  we 
also  find  in  addition  crystal  sand.    When  bark  is  ground  with  the 
