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AmFe°bU"i£6arm"}  Camphor  Oil.  99 
CAMPHOR  OIL. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  Mr.  MacEwan,  in  a  paper  printed  in 
JPhar.  Jour,  and  Trans.,  June  20,  1885,  and  in  Am.  Jour.  Phar.,  1885, 
p.  406,  stated  that  Japanese  camphor  oil  does  not  contain  camphor, 
a  conclusion  which  he  arrived  at  by  freezing  a  sample  of  the  oil  and 
distilling  at  a  high  temperature,  whereby  he  failed  to  obtain  any 
separation  of  camphor.  Mr.  Moss,  on  the  other  hand,  showed, 
in  a  paper  read  at  the  Aberdeen  Conference,  that  though  the 
ordinary  oil  varies  considerably,  many  cases  of  it  contain  sepa- 
rated camphor  when  received  here  in  the  winter  months,  though  not 
in  summer,  and  that  a  considerable  quantity  of  camphor  is  obtained 
by  distilling  below  407°  F.  (208°  C).  In  the  discussion  which  fol- 
lowed Mr.  Moss's  paper  the  wish  was  expressed  for  a  further  and 
more  complete  research.  This  wish  is  in  a  great  measure  met  by  the 
researches  of  Mr.  Kikorokuro  Yoshida,  the  results  of  which  are  re- 
corded in  a  communication  from  the  Chemical  Society  of  Tokio  (Jour. 
Chem.  Soc,  October,  1885.  p.  779).  The  specimens  examined  by  Mr. 
Yoshida  were  an  oil  five  years  old  and  one  more  recent  but  of  uncer- 
tain age;  both  deposited  some  camphor  on  freezing,  the  older  more 
abundantly  than  the  other.  It  is  not  stated  whether  these  specimens 
were  separately  examined  as  to  their  chemical  constituents,  but  the 
value  of  the  facts  brought  out  by  the  research  is  not  diminished  on 
this  account,  since  it  is  already  known  that  old  samples  of  camphor 
oil  contain  more  camphor  than  recent  samples.  By  distilling  the  five 
years  old  oil  into  sixty-five  fractions,  Yoshida  finally  separated  these 
into  five  portions : 
1.    Boiling  below  145°  C   0*2  per  cent. 
0      2.   A  hydrocarbon,  b.  p.  156°   7'0  " 
3.  "      "      "     b.  p.  172°-173°   20-0 
4.  Camphor,  b.  p.  205°   22"8 
5.  An  oxygenated  oil.  b.  p.  212°-213°   50D 
1000-0 
Fraction  1  was  obtained  in  too  small  quantity  for  examination;  it 
was  an  oily  hydrocarbon.  The  second  fraction,  rectified  over  sodium, 
was  found  on  examination  to  be  terebinthene  (C10H16),  identical  chem- 
ically, but  differing  physically  from  that  yielded  by  turpentine.  It 
yielded  a  hydrochloride,  dihydrochloride  and  the  nitrochloride  of 
Tilden  and  Shenstone.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  terebinthene  at 
15°  C.  was  0*8641,  and  rotatory  power  [a]  j-76.1°.  The  third  fraction 
