180    Studies  on  the  Action  of  Salicylic  Acid  on  Ferments.  { AmApru[*  fmrm' 
1.  That  a  certain  solution  of  salicylic  acid  has  no  action  on  the 
living  torula,  but  dissolves  it  when  dead,  showing  that  some  chemical 
change  (post-mortem)  has  taken  place  in  the  cellulose  of  the  cell-wall. 
2.  That  the  solution  of  salicylic  acid  destroys  "disease  ferments  by 
acting  upon  the  cell-wall,  showing  that  their  cellulose  most  probably 
differs  from  the  cellulose  of  the  Torula  cerevisise. 
3.  That  the  solution  of  salicylic  acid  prevents  the  hydrating  action 
of  the  various  soluble  zymases. 
4.  A  solution  of  sodium  phosphate  and  potassium  nitrate  revivifies 
exhausted  yeast,  and  even  increases  the  yield  of  alcohol  in  saccharine 
solutions. 
5.  Salicylic  acid  acts  as  an  antiseptic  agent  of  great  value,  because 
It  acts  directly  on  the  disease  ferments  in  beers,  and  not  upon  the  true 
alcoholic  ferment. 
6.  Salicylic  acid  is  not  a  poison  in  quantities  far  exceeding  the 
amount  in  the  solution  given  in  this  paper.  The  acid  is  largely  used 
in  medicine  in  both  France  and  Germany. 
For  those  interested  in  the  application  of  this  acid  in  medicine  I 
refer  them  to  the  following  memoirs : 
(a.)  Wagner's,  "Le  traitement  de  la  diphterie,  des  maladies  de 
Festomac  et  des  intestins." — 3foniteur  Scientifique,  1875,  p.  355;  also 
Journal  fur  Praktische  Chemie,  xi,  pp.  57  and  211. 
(6.)  Dr.  Germain  See's,  "L'acide  salicylique  et  les  salicylates  dans 
le  traitement  de  la  goutte  et  des  rhuniatisnies." — Rapport  a  FAcademie 
de  Medecine  de  Paris,  June  and  July,  1877. 
(c.)  Fontheim's,  aDe  Faction  de  Facide  salicylique  employ6  comme 
medicament." — Moniteur  Scientifique,  1875,  p.  853. —  Chem.  News, 
January  15,  1886,  p.  29. 
Estimation  of  Quinine  in  Mixtures  of  Quinine- Alkaloids. 
—  By  Y.  SniwoYAMA(Arch.  Pharm.  [3],  xxiii,  209-229). —  The 
method  described  is  founded  on  the  relative  solubilities  of  the  oxalates 
of  the  quinine  alkaloids: — Quinine  oxalate  dissolves  in  1446  parts  of 
water  at  18°;  cinchonidine  oxalate  in  228  parts  at  15°;  quinidine 
oxalate  in  151  parts  at  15°,  and  cinchonine  oxalate  in  104  parts  at 
10°.  The  precipitation  is  effected  by  adding  sodium  oxalate  to  a 
dilute  neutral  solution  of  the  alkaloids,  and  correction  must  be  made 
or  the  amount  of  quinine  oxalate  remaining  in  solution. — Jour.  Chem, 
Soc,  1885,  p.  935. 
