210 
Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  {A 
PHARMACEUTICAL  COLLEGES  AND  ASSOCIATIONS. 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  The  plan  of  holding  two  monthly  exami- 
nations for  the  junior  students,  with  the  view  of  determining  their  progress 
and  their  fitness  for  entering  upon  the  final  junior  examination,  at  the  end  of 
the  course,  was  again  followed  during  the  past  session,  and  its  efficiency,  as  well 
as  its  advantage  to  the  student?,  proved,  in  the  main,  satisfactory.  The  ques- 
tions at  the  two  preliminary  and  the  final  junior  examination,  which  latter  was 
held  on  Saturday,  February  13th,  were  as  follows : 
1.  Explain  the  manner  of  length-growth  of  the  root  and  of  the  rhizome.  How 
may  a  rhizome  be  distinguished  from  a  root  by  external  marks  and  by  the 
structure? 
2.  Name  and  describe  briefly  the  tissues  found  in  leaves,  commencing  with  the 
upper  surface. 
3.  What  is  meant  by  definite,  and  by  indefinite  inflorescence  f  Give  several  forms 
of  each  kind,  and  briefly  describe  them,  or  illustrate  them  by  diagrams. 
4.  Define  a  fruit,  and  give  the  characters  of  the  following  kinds  of  fruits, 
stating  in  each  case  the  nature  of  dehiscence :  Berry,  Drupe,  Pome,  Follicle, 
Legume,  Capsule. 
5.  Levant  Wormseed.  Give  the  officinal  name  of  the  drug;  the  part  used;  the 
name  of  the  plant,  its  habitat  and  its  natural  order.  Describe  the  drug,  and 
state  how  it  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  American  "Wormseed.  "What 
are  its  medicinal  properties,  and  in  what  doses  is  it  given?  Name  its  active 
principle;  state  the  effect  of  light  upon  this  principle,  and  the  medicinal  dose 
of  the  latter. 
6.  How  do  monocotyledonous  plants  differ  from  dicotyledonous  plants  in  the 
arrangements  of  the  woodbundles  in  the  stem;  in  the  venation  of  the  leaves 
and  in  the  embryo.  Name  some  of  the  natural  orders  belonging  to  the  monoco- 
tyledons; also  some  medicinal  or  otherwise  useful  products  yielded  by  each 
one  of  the  natural  orders  enumerated  by  you. 
1.  If  the  specific  gravity  of  hydrochloric  acid  is  1.160,  what  will  be  the  weight 
in  grammes  of  a  litre  ?   What  will  be  weight  in  grains  of  500  c.  c.  of  the  acid. 
2.  "Write  out  a  description  of  a  pharmaceutical  balance  of  the  most  approved 
construction,  explaining  and  answering  the  following  queries,  adding  such 
information  as  you  deem  necessary  to  complete  the  description :  Wrhat  should 
be  tbe  relation  of  the  centre  of  gravity  of  the  beam  to  its  point  of  suspension? 
What  should  be  the  relative  distances  between  the  knife  edges?  Should  the 
knife  edges  be  absolutely  parallel  to  each  other,  why?  What  influence  has  the 
weight  of  the  beam  upon  the  sensibilities  of  the  balance?  Why  should  the 
beam  be  rigid?  How  would  you  test  a  balance  to  prove  its  proper  construction? 
3.  If  the  weight  of  a  fluid  ounce  of  each  of  the  officinal  liquids  is  as  stated 
below,  what  is  the  specific  gravity  of  each  liquid  ? 
4.  Write  a  composition  on  the  subject  of  Percolation,  using  your  own  lan- 
guage, and  treating  the  subject  under  the  following  heads:  a.  Definition,  b. 
History,  c.  Principle  of  Action,  d.  A  dvantages  over  Maceration,  e.  Descrip- 
tion of  Percolators  and  Their  Special  Uses. 
BOTANY  AND  MATERLA  MEDLCA. 
PHARMACY. 
Phosphoric  Acid  
Diluted  Sulphuric  Acid, 
Glycerin  , 
Mercury  
Water......   
.  613.8  grains. 
.  486.3  grains. 
.  569.6  grains. 
,6151.9  grains. 
,  455.7  grains. 
