256 
Oil  of  Sandal  Wood. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm 
\       May,  1886. 
Santalum  insulare. — A  native  of  the  Marquesas  and  Society  Islands. 
The  wood  of  this  species  was  observed  by  Captain  Cook,  in  his  voyage 
round  the  world,  to  be  used  by  the  natives  of  Tahiti  under  the  name 
of  Eai  or  Eahei,  for  perfuming  cocoa  nut  oil. 
Santalum  Freycinetianum,  Gaud. — A  native  of  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
Together  with  its  varieties.  ellipAicum  and  paniculatum,  and  Santalum 
pyrularium,  A.  Gray,  it  furnished,  for  a  number  of  years,  the  sandal 
wood  of  these  islands.  The  natives  distinguished  only  two  kinds  of 
the  wood,  which  they  called  Lan  heokeo,  or  white,  and  Lan  hulahula, 
or  red.  From  1790  to  1820  numerous  vessels  called  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands  for  sandal  wood,  and  as  much  as  §400,000  was  realized  from 
this  trade  in  one  year  by  King  Kamehameha.  The  destruction  of  the 
trees  was  carried  on  in  such  a  reckless  manner  that  when  Dr.  Seemann 
visited  Oahu  in  1849,  he  saw  only  a  few  bushes  not  exceeding  three 
feet  high,  at  a  place  called  Kuaohe,  and  only  a  few  isolated  specimens 
were  left  of  the  magnificent  groves  that  formerly  covered  parts  of  the 
islands  of  Hawaii,  Mani,  Oahu  and  Kauai.  An  attempt  was  subse- 
quently made  to  sell  the  scented  wood  of  Jlyoporum  Sandicichense,  A. 
Gray,  in  order  to  revive  the  trade,  but  it  did  not  succeed. 
S.  Homei,  Seem. — The  discovery  of  this  sandal  wood  tree  in  the 
island  of  Eromanga  in  1829  diverted  the  sandal  trade  to  that  island. 
The  violent  treatment  received  by  the  natives  from  sandal  wood  col- 
lectors led  to  difficulties  which  resulted  in  the  death  of  the  celebrated 
missionary,  John  TTillianis,  in  1839.  This  source  also  became  gradu- 
ally worked  out,  although  in  1859  the  wood  was  still  so  plentiful  that 
one  firm  employed  sixty  men  to  cut  it  in  the  bush.  On  a  specimen  of 
8.  Homei  in  the  British  Museuin  there  is  a  note  in  McGillivray's  hand- 
writing to  the  following  effect: — " Produces  the  greater  part  of  the 
sandal  wood  shipped  from  Eromanga,  and  formerly  also  from  the  New 
Hebrides.  Nearly  extinct.  May,  1859. "  Another  specimen  dated 
February,  1860,  bears  the  remark,  "Now  done/'  From  this  it  would 
appear  that  this  source  of  sandal  wood  was  exhausted  about  1860. 
Specimens  of  S.  Homei  also  occur  in  the  same  herbarium  from  the  Isle 
of  Pines  and  New  Caledonia. 
Santalum  Yasi,  Seem. — The  wood  of  this  tree  was  for  a  long  time 
purchased  from  the  natives  of  Fiji  by  the  Tongan  Islanders,  who  used 
part  of  it  and  sold  the  remainder  to  the  Samoans,  by  whom  it  was  used 
for  perfuming  the  cocoa  nut  oil  with  which  they  grease  their  naked 
bodies;  for  this  purpose  it  was  first  grated  on  one  of  the  mushroom 
