306 
Eucalyptus  Products. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\       June,  1886. 
The  relative  quantity  of  kino-red  present  in  the  tree  appears  to 
determine  in  great  measure  the  value  of  its  timber,  as  it  renders  the 
wood  almost  impervious  to  decay  when  under  water,  and  prevents 
the  attacks  of  insects  and  marine  animals.  The  species  in  which  it  is 
most  largely  present  contain  from  17  to  19  per  cent.,  as  in  E.  mar- 
ginata,  E.  ro strata  and  E.  robusta,  which  are  the  most  valuable  of 
the  timber  trees  of  Australia  for  shipbuilding,  piles  and  similar 
purposes.  The  kino  of  E.  resinifera  also  contains  a  quantity  of 
kino-red,  only  one-sixth  of  it  being  soluble  in  water.  It  is  to  this 
last-named  species  that  Botany  Bay  kino  has  generally  been 
attributed;  but  Sir  F.  von  Mueller  states  on  the  authority  of  the 
B-ev.  Dr.  Woolls  that  it  is  much  more  extensively  collected  from 
E.  siderophloia,  to  which,  indeed,  the  name  of  E.  resinifera  has  been 
applied  by  Allan  Cunningham. 
Several  species  yield  a  kino  containing  but  little  kino-red,  and  con- 
sequently dissolving  readily  in  hot  water,  although  forming  a  turbid 
solution  when  cold. 
Those  of  the  following  species  have  been  examined  by  Wiesner:1 
E.  globulus,  E.  leucoxylon,  E.  citriodora,  E.  amygdalina,  E.  pilularis 
and  E.  fissilis. 
'There  is  great  difficulty  in  ascertaining  the  exact  botanical  source 
of  the  eucalyptus  kinos  at  present  imported  into  this  country,  partly 
owing  to  the  same  name  being  applied  to  distinct  trees  in  different 
parts  of  Australia.  Thus  the  name  of  red  gum,  under  which  name 
a  eucalyptus  kino  is  employed  in  this  country,  is  applied  to  E. 
rostrata,  E.  tereticornis,  and  in  West  Australia  to  E.  calophylla.  The 
first  two  of  these  yield  a  kino  only  partially  soluble  in  water,  while 
that  of  E.  calophylla  is  easily  soluble,  and  contains  but  little  kino- 
red.  This  species  is  said  by  Mueller  to  afford  a  liquid  kino  in  con- 
siderable quantity  by  tapping  the  trunk.  It  is  caught  in  casks  as  a 
material  for  tanning  and  dyeing  purposes,  and  is  said  to  fetch  £20  to 
£25  per  ton  in  the  London  market.  It  indurates  on  exposure  to  the 
air,  and  can  then  be  used  in  medicine  internally,  like  true  kino,  or  in 
powder,  as  an  application  to  wounds.  Two  species  which  yield  a 
kino  perfectly  soluble  in  water  are  E.  obliqua  and  E.  piperita.  That 
of  the  former  resembles  Indian  kino  in  appearance,  and  forms  a 
deep-red  neutral  solution ;  the  latter  is  of  a  zircon-red  color,  is 
1  See  Pharm.  Journal  [3],  ii,  p.  102. 
