328 
Official  Pharmacy. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
{       July,  1886. 
rhuse.  The  family  Gadidm  are  part  of  the  order  Teleocephali,  sub- 
class Teleostei,  class  Pisces. 
The  Gallince  are  no  order.  Like  the  Cracidw  and  Columbw,  they 
are  merely  one  of  the  numerous  groups  of  one  of  Huxley's  four  princi- 
pal divisions  of  the  order  Carinatce,  class  Aves. 
The  term  Pachydermata  is  so  antiquated  and  obsolete  that  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find,  even  in  a  public  school  text-book.  In  the 
Pachydermata,  the  Proboscidea  were  mixed  up  with  artio  and  perisso- 
dactyl  ungulates.  The  Suidw  are  a  family  group  of  the  Non-Rumi- 
nants of  the  sub-order  Artiodactyla,  order  Ungulata,  sub-class  Mono- 
delphia,  class  Mammalia. 
The  Bovidce  belong  to  the  Ruminantia  of  the  sub-order  Artiodactyla, 
order  Ungulata,  sub-class  Monodelphia,  class  Mammalia. 
It  appears  like  a  somewhat  remarkable  distinction  that  in  its  refer- 
ences to  the  Animal  Realm,  the  Pharmacopoeia  should  use  only  the 
term  order,  whereas  in  connection  with  the  Realm  of  Plants  the 
designation  Natural  Order  only  occurs.  The  qualifying  addition 
"  Natural "  is  here  wholly  superfluous,  since  the  distinctions  are  all 
manifestly  based  upon  natural  characters. 
There  is  no  order  of  Algae,  as  the  Pharmacopoeia  has  it.  The  term 
Alga  is  not  systematic.  It  is  merely  general,  signifying  an  aquatic  chlo- 
rophyllic  thallophyte.  Thallophyte  is  also  but  a  conventional  term 
having  no  systematic  significance.  It  embraces  plants  contained 
within  the  first  four  Primary  Divisions  of  the  Vegetable  Realm, 
namely,  the  Protophyta,  Zygospores,  Oospores  and  Carposporea?. 
Thus,  for  instance,  the  greater  part  of  the  green  algae  of  ponds  and 
streams  belong  to  the  primary  division  Zygospores. 
There  is  also  no  order  of  Fungi,  as  is  officially  given.  The  term 
Fungus  is  merely  of  general  import,  meaning  a  terrestrial  chloro- 
phylless  thallophyte. 
As  may  be  readily  inferred  from  what  was  previously  said,  thallo- 
phytes  are  not  all  thallus  plants.  Although  the  distinction  between 
algae  and  fungi  is  but  a  physiological  one,  depending  upon  the  presence 
or  absence  of  chlorophyll,  no  more  are  all  chlorophylless  plants  fungi. 
Thus,  for  instance,  the  noted  Bacteria  are  detached  or  clustered  chloro- 
phylless cells  belonging  to  the  order  Bacteriaces,  class  Schizomycetes, 
pr.  div.  Protophyta ;  whereas,  fungi  are  chiefly  the  higher  grades  of 
Thallophytes. 
A  somewhat  similar  but  inverse  confusion  exists  in  regard  to  the 
