Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
July,  1886. 
Endure  of  Kino. 
333 
ture,  with  the  powdered  liquorice  root  and  senna,  and,  finally,  the 
ground  sarsaparilla,  is  added,  followed  by  the  rose  petals.  For  the 
pharmacopoeial  quantities,  8  parts  of  ammonia  water  are  used,  of 
which  6  parts  are  added  to  100  parts  of  a  mixture  composed  of  1 
volume  of  alcohol  and  7  of  water.  After  macerating  the  mixed 
powder  for  one  or  two  days  in  this  menstruum,  the  whole  is  trans- 
ferred to  a  percolator,  and  displaced  with  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and 
water,  as  before,  to  the  first  200  parts  of  which  2  parts  of  ammonia 
water  have  been  added.  The  percolation  is  continued  until  400 
parts  of  liquid  have  been  obtained,  in  which  the  sugar  is  dissolved 
without  heat. 
Syrupus  Tolutanus. — A  modification  of  the  pharmacopoeial  formula 
is  suggested  by  Silas  J.  Duflfie,  Ph.G.,  who  proposes  to  digest  at  80°  C. 
for  two  hours  4  parts  of  tolu  balsam  in  30  parts  of  water,  and  to  add, 
after  cooling,  4  parts  of  alcohol;  this  mixture  is  strained  through  a 
well  wetted  muslin  strainer,  and  this  is  washed  with  water  until  35 
parts  of  liquid  have  been  passed,  in  which  65  parts  of  sugar  are  dis- 
solved by  percolation.  This  yields  a  handsome  and  permanent  syrup, 
and  the  presence  of  the  four  parts  of  alcohol  is  not  considered  to  be 
objectionable. 
TINCTURE  OF  KINO. 
By  R.  Rother. 
The  remarkable  stability  of  the  homogeneous  which  is  a  priori 
inferable  is  everywhere  manifested  in  experience.  Were  it  otherwise 
there  could  be  no  orderly  coherence  anywhere.  The  tendency  of  like 
units  and  groups  to  segregate  is  universal.  Similar  units  and  aggre- 
gates subjected  to  the  same  conditions  must  therefore  give  the  same 
results,  which  latter  will  vary  correspondingly  as  the  conditions  are 
changed.  Hence  a  heterogeneous  whole  will  necessarily  be  trans- 
formed into  more,  coherent  compacts  of  interrelated  homogeneous 
groups.  Both  very  simple  and  complex  illustrations  of  this  occur  in 
chemistry.  When  under  certain  conditions  a  chemical  reaction  results, 
the  product,  although  evidently  more  complex,  is  nevertheless  more 
homogeneous  under  the  new  conditions  than  in  the  prior  sphere. 
When  the  new  body  or  bodies  thus  resulting  are  again  sundered 
through  the  influence  of  light,  heat,  or  other  agency,  the  constituent 
elements  may  reappear  in  their  simplest  form.     Whilst  the  new  con- 
