Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Oct.,  1886. 
Leaves  of  Juglans  Nigra. 
469 
chemical  examination  made.  Chlorophyll,  oily  matter,  resin,  probably 
tannin,  albuminoids,  starch  and  crystals  of  calcium  oxalate  were  rec- 
ognized. The  leaves  used  in  the  chemical  study  were  gathered  at  the 
same  time  and  after  being  kept  for  five  days  at  ordinary  temperature 
were  ground  in  a  mill  and  put  through  a  number  eighty  sieve. 
The  moisture  determination  made  upon  two  grams  at  a  temperature 
from  100°  to  110°  C.  showed  8*45  per  cent.  The  same  portion  was 
incinerated  in  a  porcelain  crucible  for  four  hours.  The  odor  given  off 
during  incineration  was  peculiar,  something  like  fresh  leather.  It  was 
of  the  same  nature  as  many  of  the  odors  observed  later  on  in  the  work. 
It  was  thought  a  volatile  alkaloid  might  be  present,  but  distillation 
with  milk  of  lime  failed  to  show  it.  The  ash  was  of  a  gray  color  and 
amounted  to  8*49  per  cent.  Qualitative  analysis  gave  the  bases  cal- 
cium, magnesium,  potassium,  and  iron.  Watts'  dictionary  says  that 
walnut  leaves,  no  species  given,  contain  aluminum,  .but  none  was 
found.  The  acids  hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic  and  car- 
bonic, were  identified. 
Dragendorff's  Plant  Analysis  was  used  as  a  guide.  With  petroleum 
spirit  (boiling  25°-45°C),  Squibb's  ether  and  absolute  alcohol,  two  de- 
terminations were  made — one  upon  10  grams  in  Tollen's  apparatus  by 
hot  extraction  from  10  to  11  hours,  the  other  upon  fifty  grams  by  cold 
maceration  for  seven  or  eight  days,  the  bottle  being  frequently  shaken, 
and  the  solvents  replaced  every  other  day. 
Hot  maceration  gave  3*50  per  cent,  for  the  petroleum  spirit  extrac- 
tion. Cold  maceration  gave  but  3*00  per  cent.  In  each  case  by 
raising  the  temperature  to  120°C.  there  was  a  slight  loss  of  weight. 
0*20  per  cent,  was  the  loss  in  the  amount  obtained  by  hot  extraction. 
By  treating  a  quantity  of  the  original  powder  with  water  acidified  with 
sulphuric  acid  a  sweet  smelling  liquid,  having  an  oily  substance  floating 
on  top,  was  obtained.  The  oily  substance  had  the  general  action  of  an 
ethereal  oil,  giving  up  its  odor  and  evaporating  when  heated.  The 
oil  doubtless  passed  off  as  the  petroleum  spirit  evaporated.  The  liquid 
obtained  in  connection  with  the  oily  substance  was  acid.  Tests  showed 
that  sulphuric  acid  had  not  been  carried  over.  There  was  then  a 
volatile  acid  in  the  plant.  It  was  not  acetic  acid.  It  gave  yellowish 
white  precipitates  with  neutral  and  basic  lead  acetate  and  a  white  crys- 
talline precipitate  with  barium  carbonate. 
The  petroleum  extract  was  fluorescent,  blood-red  by  reflected  and 
green  by  transmitted  light,  showing  the  presence  of  chlorophyll. 
