Amoctu,ri£arm"}      Gleanings  from  Foreign  Journals.  493 
3*575  per  cent.,  pure,  1*96  per  cent.  ;  Prollius,  one  extraction,  1*680 
per  cent.,  two  extractions,  1*950  per  cent,  three  extractions,  2  030  per 
cent.  « 
Losch  and  Fluckiger's  methods  and  all  those  requiring  much  heat 
yield  small  percentages.  Coeytaux's  method  also  yields  a  small  per- 
centage. Mayer's  and  Rabourdin's  methods  give  the  most  satisfac- 
tory results.  In  Rabourdin's,  however,  a  10  per  cent,  caustic  soda 
was  substituted  for  the  caustic  potash  and  repeated  extraction  with 
chloroform.  From  10  grams  of  succirubra  bark,  treated  as  before 
mentioned  with  hydrochloric  acid  and  alcohol,  the  yield  according  to 
the  different  methods  was  as  follows : 
Coeytaux  0*515  grams. 
Losch  ...  <  0.565  grams. 
Fliickiger  0*613  grams. 
Rabourdin  0*840  grams.  \ 
Mayer  0*882  grams. 
Kaspar's  modification  of  Rabourdin's  process  is  as  follows :  15 
grams,  10  per  cent,  solution  caustic  soda,  10  grams  of  the  fluid  ex- 
tract and  15  cc.  of  ether  are  mixed  in  a  tube  30  cm.  long  and  2  cm. 
wide.  The  mixture  is  shaken  frequently  and  allowed  to  stand  one 
day,  the  ethereal  layer  is  removed  with  a  pipette  and  the  operation 
repeated  twice  more,  using  in  each  instance  15  cc.  of  ether.  The 
ethereal  solutions  when  mixed,  filtered  and  evaporated  yield  besides 
traces  of  other  bases,  the  crystalline  and  amorphous  quinine.  The 
alkaloids,  which  are  insoluble  in  ether,  are  extracted  in  the  same  way 
as  the  quinine,  using  15  cc.  of  chloroform  in  each  operation.  The 
filtered  chloroformic  solutions  are  evaporated  and  the  residue  figured 
as  quinidine,  cinchonine  and  cinchonidine. 
Syrupus  Alihosce. — A  stable  syrup  of  althea  can  be  prepared  by  fil- 
tering the  infusion  on  the  sugar,  then  boiling.  Marshmallow  syrup, 
when  thus  prepared,  is  of  a  very  light  color  and  keeps  even  during 
the  summer  months. — Pharm.  Zeitung,  1886,  p.  449. 
Austrium,  a  new  element. — Edward  Linnemann,  professor  of  chem- 
istry at  the  University  of  Prague,  found  in  orthite,  of  Arendal,  a 
mineral  rich  in  rare  metals,  a  new  element,  to  which  he  gave  the 
name  of  austrium,  symbol  Aus.  The  solutions  of  orthite  must  first 
be  freed  from  the  rare  metals  by  ordinary  methods,  and  the  iron 
nearly  all  precipitated  as  oxalate,  then  treated  with  hydrogen  sul- 
phide which  precipitates  most  of  the  lead,  copper,  tin  and  arsenic. 
