2 
London  Botanic  Gardens. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I     January,  190G. 
Sabina,  L,.,  or  savin,  and  the  red  cedar  (Juniperus  Virginiana,  !,.)>  from  which 
an  analogous  drug  is  obtained,  Juniperus  communis ,  L.,  from  which  the 
juniper  berries  and  oil  of  juniper  of  commerce  are  derived,  and  Juniperus 
Oxycedrus,  L.,  from  the  wood  of  which,  and  probably  from  that  of  other 
species,  "  Huile  de  Cade  "  is  prepared  by  destructive  distillation  ;  the  common 
spruce  (Picea  excelsa,  lyink.),  and  its  numerous  varieties,  from  which  Bur- 
gundy pitch  is  collected  by  making  incisions  into  the  wood  ;  the  larch  {Larix 
Europcsa,  DC),  whose  bark  is  occasionally  used  in  medicine,  and  on  which 
grows  the  white  agaric  of  Continental  Pharmacopoeias,  it  is  also  the  source  of 
Venice  turpentine;  Abies  balsamea,  Mill.,  the  "Balsam  Fir"  or  "  Balm  of 
Gilead,"  from  which  Canada  turpentine  or  Canada  balsam  is  obtained  by  inci- 
sion ;  Pinus  Laricio,  Poir.,  and  varieties,  Pinus  sylvestris,  L.,  Pinus  Pinaster, 
Soland. ,  and  others,  from  which  European  turpentine  and  Galipot  are  obtained  ; 
and  the  North  American  species,  Pinus  palustris,  Mill.,  Pinus  Tceda,  L,.,  etc., 
which  are  the  sources  of  most  of  the  resin  of  commerce,  of  American  turpen- 
tine, and  of  common  frankincense. 
On  the  east  of  the  Pinetum,  and  flanking  the  Pagoda  Vista  (see 
Plate  I)  on  each  side,  the  collections  consist  mostly  of  shrubs,  as, 
for  instance,  representatives  of  the  genera  Berberis,  Rhus,  Rubus, 
Cratcegus,  Rhamnus,  etc.,  while  on  the  north  of  the  lake  and  Pine- 
tum, and  west  of  the  Botanic  Gardens,  the  collections  consist  mostly 
of  trees,  such  as  oaks,  chestnuts,  elms  and  poplars.  The  willows, 
with  the  exception  of  the  alpine  species,  are  grown  on  the  borders 
of  the  lake. 
Among  the  many  plants  of  interest  to  the  pharmacist  in  these  sections  of  the 
Arboretum  are  the  following  :  Berberis  aquifolium,  Pursh.,  B.  nervosa,  Pursh., 
and  B.  repens,  Iyindl.,  sources  of  Oregon  grape  root  ;  Berberis  vulgaris,  L., 
and  its  numerous  forms  and  varieties,  from  which  the  barberry  bark  of  herbal- 
ists is  obtained  ;  Tilia  heterophylla,  Vent.,  and  T.  platyphyllos,  Scop.,  whose 
inflorescences  with  attached  bracts,  known  as  "Linden  Blooms"  (French, 
"  Fleurs  de  TilleuP')  have  long  been  used  on  the  Continent  in  the  form  of 
infusion  ;  Xanthoxylum  Americanum,  Mill.,  one  of  the  species  yielding  the 
prickly  ash  bark  of  the  U.S. P.;  Rhamnus  Calijornicus,  Bschsch.,  the  source 
of  the  "  Cascara  Sagrada,"  or  Sacred  Bark,  of  the  Spanish  settlers  in  California ; 
R.  Purskianus,  DC,  from  which  the  drug  of  commerce  is  derived,  and  R. 
Frangula,  L.,  and  R.  catharticus,  L.,  Old  World  species  yielding  respectively 
alder  buckthorn  bark  and  buckthorn  berries  ("  Fruits  de  Nerprun  "  of  the 
French  Codex)  ;  Rhus  glabra,  L>,  the  sumach  whose  fruits  are  official  in  the 
U.S. P.;  Rhus  toxicodendron,  Iy.,  or  poison  oak;  Pistacia  Lentiscus,  L.,  from 
which  gum  mastich  is  collected  ;  Cytisus  scoparius,  L,.,  or  broom  ;  Robinia 
Pseudacacia,  L.,  from  the  bark  of  which  a  poisonous  proteid  has  been  extracted  ; 
Cassia  Marylandica,  L.,  the  "  Wild  Ameriian  Senna,"  with  leaves  resembling 
Suez  senna  from  Cassia  obovata,  Collad. ;  Prunus  amygdalus,  Stokes,  or 
almond  tree,  and  P.  communis,  Hudson,  cultivated  for  their  seed-kernels  and 
fruits  respectively,  as  also  Prunus  Laurocerasus,  L.,  for  its  leaves,  whilst  P. 
