Aj^uaryf1S.IU-}  London  Botanic  Gardens.  3 
serotina  Ehrh.  yields  the  wild  cherry  or  Virginian  prune  bark  of  the  phar- 
macopoeias ;  the  three  representatives  of  the  genus  Rosa,  R.  canina,  L.  (and 
its  numerous  varieties),  R.  damascena,  Miller,  and  R.  Gallica,  L,.,  sources 
respectively  of  otto  of  rose,  hips  and  red-rose  petals  ;  Cydonia  vulgaris,  Pers., 
represented  in  pharmacy  by  its  mucilaginous  seeds  ;  Hamamelis  Virginica,  L,., 
whose  leaves  and  bark  both  figure  in  the  British  Pharmacopoeia  ;  Sambucus 
Canadensis,  L.,  .S".  nigra,  L.,  and  varieties,  whose  flowers  are  used  for  the 
preparation  of  elder-flower  water  ;  Viburnum  opulus,  L.,  the  source  of  cramp- 
bark  ;  Arctostaphylos  Uva-ursi,  Spreng.,  or  bearberry,  whose  leaves  are 
official  in  most  pharmacopoeias,  and  Gaultheria  procumbens,  L,.,  of  the  same 
family,  from  the  leaves  of  which  oil  of  wintergreen  is  distilled  ;  Fraxinus 
Ornus,  I/.,  the  manna  ash  ;  Solanum  Dulcamara,  Iy.,  whose  stems  were  still 
retained  in  the  U.S. P.  of  1890  ;  Rosmarinus  officinalis,  L,.,  or  rosemary  ;  Sassa- 
fras officinale,  Nees,  well  known  for  the  fragrant  bark  and  wood  of  its  root  ; 
Ulmus  compestris,  L,.,  the  common  elm  of  the  Old  World,  and  the  American 
slippery  elm  (Ulmus  fulva,  Mich.),  both  represented  in  commerce  by  their 
Darks ;  Juglans  cinerea,  L.,  the  American  "Butternut";  Betula  lenta,  h., 
from  whose  bark  is  distilled  an  oil  which  is  closely  related  to  oil  of  winter- 
green  ;  Quercus  alba,  L.,  Q.  pedunculata,  Ehrh.,  and  its  numerous  varieties, 
yielding  astringent  barks,  and  Q.  Suber,  L.,  the  cork  oak  ;  Castanea  dentata, 
Borkh.,  whose  leaves  are  used  for  the  preparation  of  a  fluid  extract  ;  Stnilax 
China,  I,.,  formerly  used  for  its  root,  now  almost  entirely  supplanted  by  sarsa- 
parilla  ;  Salix  alba,  L.,  .S".  discolor,  MuhL,  5*.  fragilis,  L.,  .S".  nigra,  Marsh., 
►S.  purpurea,  L.,  and  6'.  rubra,  Huds.,  in  the  collection  of  willows,  which  have 
till  at  some  time  claimed  the  pharmacist's  attention. 
The  hardy  herbaceous  plants  are  grown  in  the  Herbaceous 
Ground,  which  is  situated  on  the  northeastern  corner  of  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  between  the  Jodrell  Laboratory  and  the  Cumberland  Gate, 
and  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  Richmond  Road  and  on  the  west  by 
the  Rock  Garden.  The  plants  are  set  out  in  parallel  beds  and  are 
arranged  according  to  their  natural  orders,  Bentham  and  Hooker's 
classification  being  followed.  There  is  also  a  separate  collection  of 
hardy  medicinal  plants  in  this  section,  but  this  will  be  considered 
together  with  the  general  collection.  As  the  number  of  plants  in 
this  collection  is  very  large,  it  will  only  be  necessary  to  select  a  few 
natural  orders  to  indicate  its  scope,  and  the  following  six  will, 
accordingly,  be  briefly  dealt  with:  Ranunculacecz,  Papaveracece, 
UmbellifercE,  Composites,  Solanacece,  and  Liliacece. 
Ranuncui,ace^.—  Aconihim  Napellus,  L,.,  the  official  aconite,  A.  ferox, 
Wall.,  Indian  Bish,  and  A.  Fischeri,  Reichb.,  Japanese  aconite ;  Adonis 
oestivalis,  L,.,  A.  autumnalis,  L.,  and  A.  vernalis,  L.,  all  recognized  by  the 
Italian  Pharmacopoeia  ;  Anemone  Hepatica,  L,.,  a  North  American  species 
occasionally  used  in  decoction,  and  A .  praiensis,  L.,  and  A.  Rulsalilla,  the 
Pulsatilla  of  the  homeopaths  ;  Cimicifuga  racemosa,  L,.,  the  North  American 
