236  Medicine  and  Pharmacy.  {AmMa^imarm 
them,  three  prizes  were  awarded  at  the  termination  of  the  session  in 
1830;  two  to  medical  students  at  large,  and  one  to  the  apprentices 
of  the  Society.  The  two  examinations  for  these  classes  of  students 
were  fused  into  one  in  1837,  and  a  modification  in  the  prize-awards 
was  introduced  at  the  same  time :  the  best  candidate  was  to  receive 
a  gold  medal,  the  second  a  silver  medal  with  books,  and  the  third 
books  only.  In  1853  these  prizes  were  discontinued,  but  renewed 
after  a  short  interval.  James  Lowe  Wheeler,  David  Don,  Nathaniel 
Bagshaw  Ward,  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  and  the  Rev.  Miles  Berkeley 
successively  held  the  post  of  examiner  for  prizes  in  Botany,  while 
the  following  well-known  names  may  be  selected  from  the  roll  of 
successful  candidates:  Thomas  Henry  Huxley,  Maxwell  Tylden 
Masters,  John  Harley,  Charles  Hilton  Fagge,  Henry  Trimen,  and 
Henry  Charlton  Bastian. 
[  To  be  continued.] 
THE  INTERDEPENDENCE  OF  MEDICINE  AND 
PHARMACY.1 
By  Augustus  A.  Eshnkr,  M.D. 
The  province  of  the  physician  is  the  alleviation  of  suffering  and 
so  far  as  possible  the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  In  the  fulfil- 
ment of  these  functions  he  has  at  his  command  divers  agencies,  some 
of  a  medicinal,  others  of  a  non-medicinal  character.  Of  certain  of 
these  he  can  exercise  entire  control.  In  the  application  of  others  he 
requires  the  aid  of  experts  in  other  departments  of  science  and  art. 
For  purposes  of  diagnosis,  for  example,  he  must  have  instruments 
of  precision,  such  as  the  microscope,  apparatus  for  blood-counting, 
hemoglobin  estimation,  study  of  blood-pressure,  urea  estimation  and 
the  like.  In  treatment  he  may  avail  himself  of  various  physical 
agencies,  such  as  light  and  heat,  water,  air,  electricity,  manual  pro- 
cedures and  mechanical  appliances.  Some  of  these  he  may  himself 
devise  and  apply.  For  others  he  depends  upon  workers  in  other 
spheres  of  activity.  So  also  with  regard  to  the  articles  of  the 
materia  medica.  The  primitive  physician  was  himself  able  to  gather 
the  simple  herbs  needed  in  the  preparation  of  the  infusions  and  de- 
1  Read  before  the  Philadelphia  Branch  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Asso- 
ciation, March  28,  1906. 
