Am.  Jour.  Phaim. 
December,  1906. 
Root- Structure  of  Spigelia  Marilandica. 
555 
the  plant  described  by  Professor  Greenish  was  no  doubt  a  species 
of  Ruellia,  and  probably  R.  ciliosa,  Pursh. 
The  specimens  examined  by  Professor  Greenish  were  "  a  broker's 
sample  of  Spigelia  root,"  and  "  a  bold  sample  !"  They  differed  from 
true  Spigelia  in  their  "  straighter,  thicker  and  less  wiry  rootlets  and 
smoother  rhizome,  from  which  the  cup-shaped  scars  that  characterize 
Spigelia  were  absent,  the  lower  portions  of  the  aerial  stems  fre- 
quently remaining  still  attached."  These  characters  led  Professor 
Greenish  to  believe  that  he  was  dealing  with  Phlox  Carolina,  the 
root  of  which  has  been  substituted  for  that  of  Spigelia  Marilandica 
in  the  United  States.  Now  in  regard  to  the  identification  of  these 
supposed  Spigelia  rhizomes,  Professor  Greenish  compared  them  with 
End. 
Fig.  3-  Same  species.  Transverse  section  of  a  secondary  root.  C  =  the 
cortical  pareuchyma  with  one  cystolithe  and  several  stone-cells  with  narrow 
lumen  and  heavily  thickened,  porous  walls  ;  End.  =  endodermis  with  the 
Casparyan  spots.    X  480. 
herbarium-specimens  of  the  Phlox,  which  were  unfortunately 
mostly  without  roots.  There  is  no  statement  to  the  effect  that  Pro- 
fessor Greenish  examined  the  root-structure  of  the  true  Phlox,  which, 
as  stated  above,  was  merely  represented  by  rather  defective 
herbarium-specimens. 
The  anatomical  structure  of  the  supposed  Phlox  roots  is  described 
and  illustrated  by  Professor  Greenish,  who  calls  attention  to  the 
"  numerous  stone-cells  and  cystolithes,"  and  it  is  on  account  of  this 
diagnosis  that  Phlox  Carolina  has  been  mentioned  by  Dr.  Solereder 
