568 
United  States  Army  Laboratory. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
December,  1906. 
of  sulphur — for  example,  to  the  vaporization  of  camphor  into  large 
chambers  and  its  condensation  in  powdery  form  by  partitions  forc- 
ing its  passage  in  alternate  directions. 
Next  to  the  corrosive  sublimate  tube  and  furnace  were  two  deep 
sand  baths  for  the  reception  of  large  (py2  to  7  gallons)  tubulated 
glass  retorts  (E)  which  were  almost  continuously  in  use  for  the  dis- 
tillation of 
Heavy  Oil  of  Wine  {Oleum  Aether eum).  This  arrangement  is 
shown  in  detail  by  Fig.  6  and  requires*  little  explanation.  The 
retorts  were  of  such  size  as  to  leave  but  a  small  space  for  sand 
between  them  and  the  interior  sides  of  the  sand  bath,  the  thin-walled 
iron  sand  bath  being  so  fitted  into  the  furnace  walls  that  the  flues 
Fig.  6. — Apparatus  for  Distilling  Heavy  Oil  of  Wine. 
from  the  fire  bed  made  a  complete  spiral  circuit  before  entering  the 
stack.  This  had  for  the  purpose  the  expeditious  control  of  the 
heat,  the  closing  of  the  draught  door  and  opening  of  the  fire  door 
admitting  cold  air  through  the  latter,  thus  quickly  lowering  the 
temperature,  while  the  closing  of  the  fire  door  and  the  opening  of 
the  draught  door  caused  an  equally  rapid  increase  of  the  tempera- 
ture— the  fuel  in  this,  as  in  all  other  furnace  operations,  being 
anthracite  coal.  The  necessity  of  this  control  was  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  successful  production  of  heavy  oil  of  wine  depends  on  main- 
taining the  right  temperature,  which  lies  within  narrow  limits.  If 
below  1500  C.  (3020  F.)  the  reaction  slackens  and  fails  almost  com- 
pletely in  producing  heavy  oil  of  wine,  other  undesirable  products 
