THE 
AMERICAN  JOUHNAL  OF  PHARMACY. 
AUGUST,  1871. 
PHARMACY  IN  PRUSSIA  AND  IN  THE  GERMAN  EMPIRE. 
By  Fred.  Hoffman^^  Ph.  D.* 
The  management  of  the  medical  affairs  in  Prussia  belongs  to  the 
Ministry  of  Ecclesiastic,  Educational  and  Medical  Affairs.  With  the 
entire  internal  executive  administration  of  the  empire,  it  is  ultimately 
concentrated  in  the  bureau  of  the  imperial  Chancellor.  In  both 
these  supreme  departments  all  administrative  branches  are  repre- 
sented by  boards  composed  of  administrative  and  technical  council- 
lors. 
The  highest  administrative  bureaus  of  the  civil  government  in  the 
Provinces  of  the  empire  are  the  Provincial  Presidency  (Oberprgesi- 
dium),  whose  chief  is  the  "  Oberprgesident,"  or  Grovernor,  and  the 
District  Governments,  or  Regencies  (Regierungen).  Each  province 
has  only  one  governor;  but,  in  proportion  to  its  area  and  number  of 
inhabitants,  they  are  divided  into  two  or  more  Regencies,  in  which  the 
administrative  branches  are  also  represented  by  boards. 
The  Regency  of  the  provincial  capital,  which  is  the  seat  of  the  Gov- 
ernor and  the  superior  military,  civil,  judiciary,  ecclesiastical  and 
educational  authorities,  has,  among  others,  a  department  for  the  medi- 
cal and  sanitary  affairs  of  the  province  (Medicinal-Collegium),  pre- 
sided over  by  the  Governor  and  by  the  President  of  the  Regency. 
The  councillors  of  this  board  are  two  physicians,  one  or  two  pharma- 
ceutists, one  veterinary  surgeon,  and  one  or  two  jurists. 
The  regencies  are  subdivided  into  districts  or  counties  (Kreise),  the 
*  This  essay  has  been  written  at  the  request  of  the  Editor  of  the  Journal, 
and  to  him  I  am  indebted  for  the  trauslation  of  the  greater  part  of  it  from  Ger- 
man into  English. 
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