342 
P)'eservation  of  Vaccine. 
f  Am.  JoUE.  PHA.BM . 
I     Aug.  1, 1871. 
ten  and  verbal  examinations,  covering  the  whole  field  of  pharma- 
ceutical acquirements,  and  extending  over  one  or  several  months. 
Among  others,  it  includes  the  preparation  of  several  pharmaceutical 
preparations,  the  execution  of  a  qualitative  and  a  quantitative  chem- 
ical analysis  of  an  inorganic  compound,  or  of  a  mixture  of,  to  the  can- 
didate, unknown  composition,  the  execution  of  a  forensic  analysis  of 
some  animal  or  organic  substance,  containing  one  or  more  poisonous 
admixtures,  and  a  report  thereof  in  full,  as  required  by  and  directed 
to  a  court,  in  order  to  determine  the  candidate's  ability  to  act  as  ex- 
pert in  legal  investigations.  The  verbal  examination  extends  over 
the  sciences  of  botany,  pharmacognosy,  general,  analytical,  and 
pharmaceutical  chemistry,  toxicology  and  pharmaceutical  laws. 
The  final  examination,  which  is  verbal  and  public,  and  to  which  not 
more  than  four  candidates  are  admitted  at  one  time,  is  passed  before 
the  entire  board.  It  comprises  an  interrogative  survey  over  all  the 
sciences  auxiliary  to  pharmacy,  and  the  legal  relations  of  the  apothe- 
The  grades  of  the  final  course  are,  excellent,  very  good,  good,  and 
insufficient,  the  latter  making  a  repetition  of  the  examination  necessary 
after  six  months ;  failing  to  pass  after  two  such  postponements  is 
equivalent  to  a  definite  rejection. 
The  chairman  of  the  board  reports  the  entire  proceedings,  including 
the  documents  of  application  and  other  papers,  to  the  Ministry  of  the 
Ecclesiastic,  Educational  and  Medical  Affairs,  from  which  the  candi- 
date receives  the  certificate  of  qualification  (Approbation  as  Apothe- 
cary), requisite  for  conducting  any  officine  in  the  German  empire,  and 
for  being  eligible  to  the  administrative  offices  of  district  or  govern- 
ment apothecary,  and  to  the  appointment  as  inspector  of  pharmacies. 
The  apothecary's  oath  is  administered  by  the  district  or  city  physi- 
§us  on  the  occasion  of  the  purchase  or  lease  of  an  officine,  and  on 
accepting  the  administration  of  one.  Thereby  the  pharmacist  engages 
to  exercise  the  duties  of  his  calling,  in  accordance  w^th  the  laws  and 
regulations,  with  fidelity  and  conscientiousness,  and  to  the  best  of  his 
ability. 
(To  be  continued  in  the  next  number.) 
THE  PRESERVATION  OF  VACCINE. 
The  publication  of  the  annexed  letter  in  the  Amer.  Journ.  of  Phar- 
Biacy  will  accomplish  three  objects.    1st.  It  demonstrates  the  possi- 
