Am.  Jour  Pharm.  \ 
Nov.  1, 1871.  j 
Druggists^  Pharmacists^  etc. 
483 
branched  off  from  his  business  in  its  rapid  development.  Drug 
brokers  wait  on  him  daily  with  samples  of  the  latest  importations  ; 
commission  houses  and  herbalists  have  collected  for  him  the  indi- 
genous drugs,  tons  of  which  are  on  storage  awaiting  a  market  at  home 
or  abroad ;  manufacturing  chemists  offer  lists  which  would  have 
astonished  the  druggist  of  the  last  century  ;  manufacturing  pharma- 
cists, who  are  of  many  kinds,  offer  extracts,  fluid  extracts,  syrups, 
elixirs,  cordials,  pills — plain  and  sugar-coated,  plasters — spread  and 
unspread,  perforated  and  entire,  on  skins,  on  cloth,  on  paper  and  on 
silk.  The  confectioners  furnish  medicated  lozenges,  the  perfumers 
offer  pomades,  essences  and  colognes ;  the  soap  makers  a  vast  variety 
of  plain,  scented  and  medicated  soaps. 
The  dealer  and  manufacturer  are  divorced  ;  each  follows  his  own 
appropriate  sphere,  and  the  development  of  the  business  is  correspond- 
ingly great. 
Steam  has  revolutionized  pharmacy  as  it  has  most  other  manufac- 
turing pursuits.  The  pestle  and  mortar  have  given  way,  in  powder- 
ing, to  chasers  and  mill  stones  ;  the  steam  boiler  and  jacket  have 
driven  out  the  furnace,  digester  and  still  which  erst  garnished  the 
laboratory  of  the  roomy  old  drug  store,  while  pharmacy,  cramped  into 
a  narrow  corner  shop,  where  it  may  meet  the  peopleface  to  face  over  the 
dispensing  counter,  is  compelled  to  stretch  its  long  arms  into  store- 
houses, laboratories  and  factories  not  a  few. 
This  brief  sketch  of  the  subdivisions  of  the  drug  and  apothecary 
business,"  as  it  is  designated  in  our  diploma,  has  opened  the  way  for 
a  few  remarks  on  the  relations  of  these  subdivisions  to  the  colleges 
of  pharmacy.  These  colleges,  in  so  far  as  they  are  educational  in 
their  objects,  are  designed  to  fit  a  corps  of  young  men  annually  for 
the  varied  duties  connected  with  the  business  of  selecting,  preparing, 
and  dispensing  medicines  and  the  allied  substances  used  in  the  arts 
and  domestic  economy. 
I  have  shown  that  the  druggist,  the  manufacturing  chemist  and  the 
pharmacist,  with  the  aid  of  numerous  allies,  are  all  concerned  in  this 
business,  and,  it  would  appear  that  they  are  all  under  the  necessity 
of  scientific  instruction  to  fit  them  for  it. 
The  lectures  on  Materia  Medica,  though  indispensable  to  all  these, 
may  be  considered  especially  applicable  to  the  druggist,  making  him 
acquainted  with  the  varieties,  sensible  properties,  adulterations  and 
sophistications  of  drugs  and  their  natural  history  and  commercial  re- 
