24  The  Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries.  {^A^SC' 
Except  for  the  prickles,  the  structure  of  both  is  the  same  as  of  the 
fruit  of  R.  oxyacanthoides. 
The  Prickles  have  a  broad  base  and  are  often  over  I  millimeter 
long.  Some  have  a  blunt  point,  others  a  head  of  globular  form. 
Both  forms  are  shown  in  Fig.  26. 
The  Epidermal  Cells  of  the  prickles  are  elongated,  and  are  arranged 
end  to  end  in  longitudinal  rows.  At  the  base  they  pass  into  the 
isodiametric  cells  of  the  epicarp. 
THE  CRANBERRY. 
Bailey  writes  of  this  fruit  as  follows : 1 
"The  cranberry  ( Vacciniitm  macrocarpon  Ait.),  the  most  unique 
of  American  horticultural  products,  was  first  cultivated,  or  rescued 
Fig.  27. — Cultivated  cranberry  (  Vaccinium  macrocarpum).  I  Berry  seen 
from  above,  X  1.  II  Transverse  section  of  berry,  X  1.  Ill  Seed,  X  8.  IV 
Transverse  section  of  seed,  X  15.  S,  epidermis  of  testa  ;  S7,  inner  testa  ;  R, 
raphe  ;  B,  endosperm  ;  Em,  embryo. 
from  mere  wild  bogs,  about  1810.  Its  cultivation  began  to  attract 
attention  about  1840,  although  the  difficulties  connected  with  the 
growing  of  the  new  crop  did  not  begin  to  clear  away  until  about 
1850.  Cape  Cod  was  the  first  cranberry-growing  region,  which  was 
soon  followed  by  New  Jersey,  and  later  by  Wisconsin  and  other 
regions.  The  varieties  now  known  are  over  a  hundred,  all  having 
been  picked  up  in  bogs,  and  the  annual  product  from  tame  bogs  in 
the  United  States  is  more  than  800,000  bushels.    .    .  . 
"  This  cultivated  cranberry  is  Vaccinium  macrocarpon  Ait.  There 
are  other  edible  species,  but  they  are  not  cultivated.  The  cowberry, 
or  mountain  cranberry,  Vaccinium  Vitis-Idaea  L.,  is  gathered  in 
great  quantities  in  Canada,  where  it  is  used  for  sauces.  It  is  also 
native  to  Europe,  where  it  is  also  much  prized  as  a  culinary  fruit." 
1  Loc  cit.,  pp.  41  At  424. 
