28 
The  Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Fharaa. 
\    January,  1905. 
layer,  but  this  may  also  occur  in  V.  macrocarpon  and  may  not  be 
characteristic  of  the  former  species  {Fig.  J2).  The  sclerenchymatous 
radial  and  inner  walls  are  pierced  with  numerous  pores  which,  in 
the  immature  or  abortive  seeds,  are  nearly  circular,  but  in  the  fully 
ripe  seeds  are  usually  much  elongated. 
(2)  Inner  Testa. — -The  remainder  of  the  testa  consists  of  two  or 
three  layers  of  large  thick-walled  porous  cells,  the  innermost  layers 
being  more  or  less  collapsed.  In  dried  or  cooked  specimens,  all  of 
these  cells  are  collapsed  {Fig.  jo,  m). 
Fig.  33. — H uckleberry 
{Gaylussacia  resinosa).  I 
Fruit  seen  from  above,  X  1. 
II  Transverse  section  of  fruit, 
X  1.  Ill  Stone,  X  8.  IV 
Transverse  section  of  stone,  X 
8.  End,  endocarp  ;  S,  testa; 
B,  endosperm  ;  em,  embryo. 
mes 
(I  X/ 
Fig.  34. — Huckleberry.  Transverse  section 
of  outer  portion  of  the  pericarp,  epi,  epicarp; 
hy,  hypoderm;  mes,  mesocarp;  st,  stone  cells. 
X  160. 
Endosperm  {Fig.  jo,  E). — The  average  diameter  of  the  cells  is 
0*035  millimeter.  Protein  grains  are  present  throughout;  starch 
is  entirely  absent. 
The  Embryo  is  not  interesting  in  its  microscopic  structure. 
Microscopic  Examination  of  Cranberry  Preserves. — Fragments  of 
the  epicarp  and  endocarp  (the  latter  with  stomata),  bundles  from  the 
mesocarp,  and  seeds,  may  be  found  in  preserves.  The  large  porous 
epidermal  cells  of  the  testa  with  sclerenchymatous  and  mucilaginous 
layers  are  especially  characteristic  and  may  be  studied  in  surface 
preparations.  In  unripe  or  abortive  seeds  these  cells  are  smaller, 
thinner-walled,  and  have  pores  more  nearly  round  than  in  the  mature 
