AFebruarVP1wo5m"}  Pharmacy  and  Chemistry.  79 
ceutical,  botanical,  posological,  etc.  For  this  the  examinee  must 
pay  a  fee  of  $150,  and  the  successful  candidate  will  then  be  registered 
as  a  "  chemist."  The  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Great  Britain 
strictly  enforces  the  law  against  all  who  attempt  to  circumvent  or 
evade  these  requirements  of  the  English  Pharmacy  Act. 
It  will  have  been  noticed  that  the  English  law  takes  no  cogni- 
zance of  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  or  in  fact  of  any  school.  Con- 
tinental nations,  on  the  contrary,  do  demand  of  the  applicants  for 
license  to  practice  an  attendance  at  some  pharmacy  school ;  search- 
ing examinations  are  not,  however,  overlooked.  France  may  be 
taken  as  the  type  case  of  the  dignified  profession  of  pharmacy  of 
Germany,  Sweden,-  Russia,  Portugal  and  the  other  European 
countries. 
The  French  law  demands  of  the  prospective  pharmacien  de  pre- 
miere classe  (the  grade  of  pharmacien  de  seconde  classe  is  no  longer) 
that  he  shall  first  spend  three  years  in  a  pharmacie.  He  must 
work  practically  in  the  laboratory,  also  shall  the  eleve,  at  regular 
intervals  of  time,  have  his  name  inscribed  on  the  records  as  being 
actually  in  harness.  To  be  permitted  the  honor  of  making  these 
"  inscriptions,"  he  must  first  of  all  be  a  bachelor  of  arts.  His  three 
years  completed,  as  attested  by  his  inscriptions,  he  must  submit  to 
an  examination  called  the  "  validation  de  stage."  This  examination 
costs  25  fr.  25,  that  is,  $5.05  ;  this  is  reasonable,  but  how  many  of 
our  young  registered  druggists  would  like  to  face  this  first  mild 
examination  ? 
"  Validation  de  stage  "  comprises  four  topics:  (1)  the  preparation 
of  a  chemical  or  galenical  preparation,  as  found  in  the  Codex  (four 
hours  are  allowed  for  this  ordeal)  ;  (2)  he  must  prepare  a  magistral 
preparation;  (3)  recognize  thirty  plants  or  parts  of  plants  pertain- 
ing to  the  materia  medica;  (4)  he  must  answer  divers  pharmaceuti- 
cal questions.  Each  of  these  last  three  topics  requires  no  more 
than  thirty  minutes  to  answer.  Having  successfully  passed  this 
"  validation  de  stage,"  the  young  man  must  enter  one  of  the  ecoles 
de  pharmacie  ;  ajl  have  the  same  identical  courses  by  legai  decret, 
but  the  ecole  superieur  de  Paris  is  the  most  noted. 
Three  years  pass  at  the  College  of  Pharmacy.  Every  three 
months  must  the  student  be  inscribed  on  the*  record,  showing  that 
he  is  attending  to  his  duties.  At  the  end  of  each  year  the  student 
submits  to  an  examination,  which  is  both  oral  and  practical. 
