AmAp°rliir,'i905arm'}    Discussion  on  Pharmaceutical  Ethics.  177 
thought  so  well  portrayed  by  Pro  essor  Hynson,  that  intrinsic  value, 
that  for  which  the  struggle  of  existence  tends,  is  established  by  the 
laws  of  right,  truth  and  justice.  Inherently  natural  values,  there- 
fore, can  only  be  possessed  when,  after  having  become  established, 
they  are  won  by  men  of  merit. 
"  Dr.  Alpers  speaks  of  conflict  in  his  excellent  contribution  to  this 
important  subject.  The  conflict  is,  as  in  other  matters  of  this  type, 
between  honesty  and  dishonesty,  right  and  wrong.  Recognizing, 
as  the  paper  does,  that  in  the  processes  of  superorganic  evolution, 
intermediate  conditions,  as  it  were,  obtain  between  existing  things 
and  advanced  ideals  demanding  control  by  law  of  those  who  have 
not  yet  obtained  that  degree  of  character  which  guarantees  right 
action,  and  secures  to  the  community  dependent  upon  him  safety 
against  deception  and  fraud. 
"  His  sentence,  '  Harmonize  the  ideals  with  the  real,'  suggests  it 
as  the  chief  problem  presenting  for  solution.  It  is  necessary,  there- 
fore, for  those  so  happily  circumstanced  as  to  recognize  this  need, 
to  appreciate  the  fact  that  there  is  a  principle  of  common  law  in- 
volved, which  is  not  as  fully  comprehended  or  as  widely  understood 
as  it  should  be,  and,  in  endeavoring  to  establish  statutory  law,  oppo- 
sition is  often  advanced  claiming  an  unconstitutionality  of  statute 
control. 
"  It  is  a  principle  of  Common  Law,  which  many  years  ago  was 
confirmed  by  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court, 
that  the  vocation  of  any  one,  upon  whom  depends  the  interests  of 
fellowmen,  can  be  controlled  by  establishing  standards  of  qualifica- 
tion, which  every  State  has  a  right  to  do,  in  accordance  with  what  it 
recognizes  to  be  just  and  proper.  This  important  right  should  be 
universally  recognized. 
"The  figure  of  the  block  of  marble,  utilized  by  Dr.  Alpers  to 
illustrate  the  skill,  or  the  science  and  art  which  is  necessary  to  cut 
away  that  part  of  the  block  which  hides  the  perfect  statue,  the  use- 
less or  superfluous,  the  unfit,  doubly  forcefully  impresses  these  facts 
upon  the  minds  of  those  who  are  considering  the  momentous  prob- 
lems from  the  standpoint  of  necessary  and  higher  ideals. 
"The  very  word  character}  above  alluded  to,  from  the  verb, 
charasso,2  to  cut,  to  sharpen,  and  its  derivative,  character,  that 
1  ^KdpdiKTTJp. 
XapdcrcrLO. 
