416 
Plant  Morphology  and  Taxonomy. 
\  Am.  Jour.  lJharm. 
I  September.  1905. 
are  with  authors'  names ;  or  of  the  fact  that  the  mere  discovery  of 
an  error  in  the  spelling  of  a  botanical  name  may  entitle  the  dis 
coverer  of  the  error  to  attach  his  name  to  the  plant  name  in  addi- 
tion to  that  of  the  original  author.    Professor  Bailey  has  well  defined 
our  position  with  regard  to  taxonomy  and  nomenclature.    He  says  : 
Our  ideas  of  what  constitutes  species  and  varieties  are  free  and  extensible 
nough,  but  our  methods  of  designating  those  ideas  still  follow  the  formalism 
of  a  century  ago — are  in  fact  more  inflexible  than  they  were  in  the  time  of 
Linnaeus.  If  nomenclature  is  inelastic,  schemes  of  classification  within  the 
genus  or  species  must  likewise  be  inelastic,  for  the  classification  is  but  an 
expression  of  our  ideas  of  the  relationships  of  the  objects  that  we  name.  Our 
nomenclature  does  not  express  either  the  knowledge  or  point  of  view  of  our 
time. 
REFERENCES  TO  LITERATURE. 
Bailey,  L.  H. :  The  Survival  of  the  Unlike.  1899. 
 Systematic  Work  and  Evolution.    Science,  XXI,  No.  536,  April  7,  1905  ; 
P-  532. 
Baker,  Richard  T.  and  Henry  G.  Smith  :  A  Research  on  the  Eucalypts, 
especially  in  regard  to  their  Essential  Oils.  1902. 
Darwin,  Charles :  The  Origin  of  Species.  1859. 
De  Vries,  Hugo  :  Species  and  Varieties,  their  Origin  by  Mutation.  Edited 
by  D.  T.  MacDougal.    Chicago  and  London.  1905. 
Farlow,*W.  G. :  The  Conception  of  Species  as  affected  by  Recent  Investi- 
gations on  Fungi.  Chairman's  Address  before  the  Section  of  Botany, 
A.  A.  A.  S.    Boston.  1898. 
Ganong,  W.  F. :  The  Cardinal  Principles  of  Morphology.  Botanical 
Gazette,  XXXI,  June,  1901  ;  pp.  426-434. 
Goebel,  Karl  :  Organographie  der  Pflanzen,  insbesondere  der  Archegoniaten 
und  Samenpfianzen.  1898. 
— — -  Organography  of  Plants.  Authorized  English  edition  by  Isaac  Bay- 
ley  Balfour.    Part  I,  General  Organography.  1900. 
  The  Fundamental  Problems   of  Present-Day  Morphology.  Congress 
of  Arts  and  Science.  St.  Louis,  1904.  Science,  XXII,  No.  550,  July  14,  1905, 
PP-  33-45- 
Haeckel,  Ernst  :  The  Riddle  of  the  Universe. 
Sachs,  Julius  :  History  of  Botany.  Translated  by  Henry  E.  F.  Garnsey  ard 
Isaac  Bayley  Balfour.    Oxford.  1890. 
— —  A  Text-book  of  Botany.  Translated  and  annotated  by  A.  W.  Bennett, 
assisted  by  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer.    Oxford.  1875. 
Spencer,  Herbert :  Principles  of  Biology. 
