420  International  Botanical  Congress.        { AseptJembefhi9o™' 
ances  for  instruction  and  research.  With  many  of  the  instruments 
demonstrations  were  given  daily  (10-12).  In  this  section  were 
shown  living  cultures  of  algae,  fungi,  and  bacteria;  photographs  of 
plants  and  plant-formations,  and  microphotographs  of  immense 
variety  and  all  sizes,  including  many  lantern  slides ;  drawings  and 
paintings;  wall  charts  and  maps;  current  books  by  the  publishers; 
exsiccatae;  and  apparatus  of  many  kinds  (microscopes  and  their 
accessories),  balances,  ovens,  and  baths,  glassware,  physiological 
instruments,  seed-control  and  wood-testing  appliances,  etc. 
Particularly  noteworthy  in  this  section  was  a  display  of  materials 
actually  used  in  the  Realschule  and  Gymnasia  for  botanical  instruc- 
tion, "  whose  purpose,"  the  exhibitors  say,  "  is  to  put  before  the 
eyes  of  visitors  the  advance  which  botanical  instruction  has  made 
in  the  last  decades.  .  .  .  Inasmuch  as  the  phenomena  of  plant 
life  must  be  brought  close  to  the  interest  and  understanding  of 
pupils  there  stands  in  the  foreground  of  the  display  the  apparatus 
for  conducting  experiments  in  plant  physiology,  which  break  the 
path  for  the  understanding  of  biological  processes.  Then  come 
models  and  preparations  for  elucidating  the  anatomical  and  morpho- 
logical features.  .  .  ."  This  exhibit  shows  clearly  how  thorough 
and  wise  the  courses  are.  The  equipment  puts  to  shame  all  of  our 
high  schools  and  nine-tenths  of  our  colleges. 
The  unique  mechanical  balances  of  Nemetz;  the  living  algal  cul- 
tures of  the  Biological  Station  in  Vienna  ;  the  apparatus  and  methods 
of  the  Imperial  Seed-control  Station  in  Vienna,  and  of  the  Imperial 
Forestry  Station  in  Mariabrunn ;  and  the  display  of  pure  cultures  of 
fungi  by  the  bureau  established  for  this  purpose  by  the  Association 
Internationale  des  Botanistes  (in  Utrecht,  in  charge  of  Prof.  F.  A.  F. 
C.  Went),  deserves  special  mention.  The  attempt  of  the  Association 
to  secure  an  exhibit  of  separates  and  works  of  many  writers  was 
practically  a  failure,  only  eleven  sending  papers.  As  a  whole  the 
exhibition  was  highly  interesting  and  useful. 
The  third  meeting  of  the  Freie  Vereinigung  der  Systematischen 
Botaniker  und  Pflanzengeographen  also  occurred  on  Wednesday,  at 
which,  in  addition  to  a  considerable  list  of  papers,  there  was  held  a 
discussion  on  the  introduction  of  a  uniform  nomenclature  in  phyto- 
geography. 
On  Friday  the  agricultural  botanists  came  together  in  the  Imperial 
Station  for  seed-control,  in  the  Prater.    No  papers  were  read,  but 
