422 
International  Botanical  Congress. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
1  September,  1905. 
and  if  not  preserved  its  later  re-establishment  is  not  permissible. 
This  is  accompanied  by  a  recommendation  to  preserve  the  primitive 
name  whenever  possible. 
The  vote  on  the  use  of  double  names  (like  Linaria  Linaria)  was 
unexpectedly  close ;  116  against  them  and  72  in  favor.  Generic 
names  differing  merely  by  their  last  syllable  and  even  by  one  letter 
will  be  retained.  Only  typographic  or  orthographic  corrections  may 
»        be  made  in  generic  names. 
After  January,  1908,  diagnoses  must  be  written  in  Latin;  so  a 
close  vote,  105  to  88,  decided  on  Friday.  A  vote  to  reconsider  was 
made  on  Saturday  but  was  lost,  125  to  56.  The  metric  system  is 
recommended,  and  it  is  declared  that  "  the  foot,  inch,  line,  pound, 
ounce,  etc.,  should  be  rigorously  excluded  from  scientific  language." 
Fathoms,  knots,  and  marine  miles  likewise  fall  under  the  ban. 
Authors  are  requested  to  indicate  clearly  the  scale  of  magnification 
of  figures. 
On  the  whole  the  action  of  the  Congress  was  conservative  from 
the  American  point  of  view,  yet  marks  great  progress  toward  a 
stable  nomenclature.  Our  European  friends  have  not  yet  grasped 
the  idea  of  generic  types,  and  the  rules  relating  to  genera  will 
doubtless  be  the  next  region  of  advance.  When  the  final  editing  is 
accomplished  and  the  new  code  is  available,  we  may  reasonably  ex- 
pect the  rules  to  be  generally  followed  until  a  further  revision  is 
possible. 
The  work  on  cryptogams  and  fossil  plants  will  doubtless  be  prose- 
cuted with  vigor.  The  Commission  of  Cryptogams  consists  of 
Migula,  Lister,  Lauterborn,  Gomont,  Wille,  Nordstedt,  Wildeman, 
Sauvageau,  DeToni,  Chodat,  Farlow,  Arthur,  Magnus,  Saccardo, 
Patouillard,  Jaczewski,  Marshall- Ward,  Vuillemin,  Atkinson,  Bresa- 
dola,  Clements,  Golenkin,  Hua,  Malmo,  Zahlbruckner,  Schiffner, 
Stephani,  Levier,  Evans,  Cardot,  Brotherus,  Fleischer,  Mrs.  Britton, 
Salmon,  and  a  few  others  whose  names  could  not  be  secured.  Some 
others  could  profitably  be  added  to  the  list. 
The  entertainments,  excursions,  and  visits  to  various  institutions 
were  numerous  and  attractive.  A  reception  by  the  Emperor  was 
arranged,  but  the  death  of  Grand  Duke  Josef  on  Tuesday  estopped 
that,  as  well  as  a  reception  by  the  burgomeister  at  the  Rathaus. 
Various  long  excursions  after  the  Congress  were  provided,  and  all 
were  sufficiently  patronized  to  be  undertaken. 
