Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
November,  1905.  / 
London  Botanic  Gardens. 
527 
Curiously  enough,  it  was  also  from  Kew,  the  systematist's  strong- 
hold, that  the  movement  originated  which  replaced  the  study  of 
Systematic  Botany  in  our  universities  by  that  of  other  branches  of 
the  science,  such  as  morphology,  physiology  and  cytology ;  for  this 
result  came  about  chiefly  through  the  influence  of  the  Jodrell  Lab- 
oratory, completed  in  1876,  and  of  the  English  translation  of  Sachs' 
Text-Book  of  Botany,  in  the  preparation  of  which  the  present  Direc- 
tor of  Kew  assisted.  Furthermore,  it  is  of  interest  to  record  that 
the  reaction  which  has  become  perceptible  during  the  last  few  years, 
as  well  as  the  trend  in  the  direction  of  ecological  research,  had  its 
origin,  not  at  Kew,  but  in  the  universities  themselves.  The  work 
which  has  been  accomplished  in  the  Jodrell  Laboratory  is  largely 
physiological  in  character,  but  cytological,  morphological  and  ana- 
tomical investigations  have  also  been  actively  prosecuted,  as  in- 
stanced by  the  epoch-making  palaeontological  researches  of  Dr.  D. 
H.  Scott,  illuminated  by  those  of  his  associates,  Messrs.  W.  C.  Wors. 
dell  and  L.  A.  Boodle,  on  modern  plants.  Among  the  researches 
that  are  of  interest  to  pharmacists  we  may  note  Cross  and  Bevan's 
work  on  cellulose  and  de  Wevre's  investigations  on  Cubebs. 
The  first  economic  museum  at  Kew  was  established  in  1847,  when 
Sir  William  Hooker  adapted  the  building  now  known  as  Museum 
No.  II,  for  the  reception  of  "  all  kinds  of  Fruits  and  Seeds,  Gums, 
Resins,  Dyestuffs,  Drugs,  Sections  of  Woods  and  all  curious  vegetable 
products,  especially  those  that  are  useful  in  the  Arts,  in  Medicine  and 
in  Domestic  Economy!'  It  is  from  these  small  beginnings  that  the 
present  extensive  collections,  requiring  three  museums  for  their  ac- 
commodation, have  been  developed,  largely  through  the  liberality  of 
the  Indian  Government  and  of  the  India  Office.  The  existence,  side 
by  side,  of  extensive  collections  of  drugs,  of  a  unique  Herbarium, 
and  of  important  living  collections,  has  presented  a  wide  field  to  in- 
vestigators in  the  domain  of  pharmacognosy,  and  we  accordingly 
find  that  pharmacists  who  have  distinguished  themselves  in  that 
branch  of  their  calling  have  invariably  availed  themselves  of  the 
facilities  provided  by  Kew.  Among  these  workers  we  may  mention 
J.  E.  Howard,  Daniel  Hanbury,  and  E.  M.  Holmes,  not  forgetting 
that  many  investigations  on  economic  botany  have  been  contributed 
to  the  Kew  Bulletin  by  members  of  the  staff  at  Kew. 
This  survey  of  the  London  Botanic  Gardens  would  not  be  com- 
plete without  some  reference  to  their  administration,  and,  with  a 
