544 
Chemical  Materia  Medica. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharna. 
I  November,  1905. 
The  composition  of  "  Magnesia  alba  "  was  demonstrated  by  Black, 
1756. 
Boric  acid  ;  produced  by  Homberg  in  1702  by  the  decomposition 
of  borax.    Known  as  "Sal  sedativum  Hombergi." 
Phosphoric  acid  ;  produced  in  1746  by  Marggraf. 
Magnesium  oxide;  in  1755  by  Black. 
Ether,  acetic;  first  produced  by  Lauragais,  1759.    Method  of 
producing  improved  on  by  Scheele  in  1782. 
Tartaric  acid  ;  by  Scheele  in  1768. 
Chlorine;  produced  by  Scheele  in  1744,  and  first  known  as 
"  Dephlogisticated  muriatic  acid." 
Glycerin;  discovered  by  Scheele  in  1779  while  preparing  lead 
plaster.    He  called  it  "  The  sweet  principle  of  oils." 
Lactic  acid;  Scheele,  1780. 
Citric  acid;  Scheele,  1784. 
Gallic  acid  ;  Scheele,  1785. 
Tannic  acid ;  Berzelius. 
Bismuth  subnitrate ;  first  used  in  medicine  by  L.  Odier  in  1786. 
Sodium  carbonate;  first  recognized  as  such  by  Duhamel,  1736. 
Thymol;  introduced  about  the  middle  of  the  XVIII.  century. 
OF  THE  MORE  IMPORTANT  DISCOVERIES  OF  THE  XIX.  CENTURY 
WE  HAVE  *. 
Morphine;  discovered  in  1804  by  Sertiirner,  an  apothecary's 
assistant  at  Paderborn,  Germany. 
Potassium,  Sodium,  Boron,  in  1807,  an^  Calcium  in  1808  ;  by  Sir 
Humphrey  Davy,  by  means  of  electrolysis. 
Iodine;  in  181 1  by  Courtois. 
Naphthalin;  by  Garden  in  1 816. 
Hydrogen  dioxide;  by  Thenard  in  181 8. 
Strychnine;  by  Pellitier  and  Caventou  in  1 818. 
Veratrine  ;  by  Meiszner  in  1 81 8. 
Brucine  ;  by  Pelletier  and  Caventou  in  1 8 19. 
Quinine;  cinchonine;  colchicine;  by  Pelletier  and  Caventou  in 
1820. 
Caffeine;  Runge,  1820,  and  independently  also  by  Robiquet  in 
1 82 1,  and  by  Pelletier  and  Caventou. 
Potassium  iodide  ;  introduced  into  medicine  by  D.  Coindet  in 
1821. 
