84  Gleanings  from  the  German  Journals.  {^'fII^'Jt^ 
Bidier,  of  Madras,  and  labelled  "Kamala,  Rotlera  tinctoria,  Roxb."  It 
was  a  reddish-brown,  hygroscopic,  light  powder,  had  a  peculiar  strong, 
odor,  and  on  examination  proved  to  be  merely  the  dried  and  powdered 
flowers  of  Carthamus  tinctorius,  partially  destroyed  by  insects  and 
mixed  with  them.  This  so-called  kamala  contained  ir8  per  cent,  of 
water  and  left  0/7  per  cent,  of  ashes.  Several  other  samples  obtained 
in  Vienna  were  more  or  less  pure,  containing  from  27  to  4*2  per  cent, 
of  water,  and  leaving  from  8*4  to  22'8  per  cent,  of  ashes. — Ztschr.  d„ 
Oest.  Ap.  Ver.,  Nov.  20,  1878,  p.  527. 
Chemical  Constitution  of  Rhamnetin  and  Xanthorhamnin. — 
Derivatives  of  xanthorhamnin  and  rhamnetin  were  made  on  a  large 
scale  and  carefully  purified  and  crystallized.  Comparative  analyses  of 
these  crystals  convinced  Liebermann  and  Hoermann  that  Schuetzen- 
berger's  formula  for  rhamnetin,  C12H10O5,  is  correct,  and  that  his  for- 
mula for  xanthorhamnin,  C24H3201±,  should  be  changed  to  C48H66029. 
— Ber.  d.  Deutsch.  Chem.  Gesn  1878,  p.  1 618. 
Malabar  Kino  and  Kino'in,  a  New  Constituent  thereof.— On 
extracting  Malabar  kino  with  ether  a  colorless  crystalline  substance  is 
obtained,  which  C.  Etti  proposes  to  call  kino'in.  The  same  substance 
is  obtained  in  a  more  economical  manner  by  the  following  process  : 
To  boiling  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  (1:5)  add  one-half  its  weight  of 
kino  and  remove  from  the  fire,  when  kinic  red  will  immediately  sepa- 
rate as  a  soft  mass,  which  gradually  solidifies,  while  kino'in  slightly 
impure  will  remain  in  solution.  The  kinic  red  still  contains  some 
kino'in,  which  may  be  obtained  by  repeated  boiling  with  water  ;  the 
decoctions  are  mixed,  the  kino'in  removed  by  shaking  with  ether,  the 
latter  evaporated  and  the  crystals  of  kino'in  purified  by  repeated  crys- 
tallizations from  boiling  water.  Etti  obtained  thus  from  1  kilo  of  kino 
15  grams  of  pure  colorless  kino'in,  which  is  nearly  insoluble  in  cold, 
readily  soluble  in  boiling  water  and  alcohol,  and  has  the  composition 
CuHl206.— Ber.  d.  Deutsch.  Chem.  Ges.,  XL,  Nov.  11,  1878,  p.  1878. 
Extractum  Tamarindorum  Purum,  s.  Mellago  Tamarindorum. — 
This  is  an  extract  concentrated  in  the  vacuo,  introduced  by  Chas.  Erba,. 
and  highly  recommended  as  a  pleasant  laxative  in  the  dose  of  three  to  four 
tablespoonfuls,  and,  dissolved  in  water,  as  a  refreshing  drink  in  inflam- 
matory and  febrile  diseases.  It  is  a  much  more  elegant  preparation  than 
the  pulp  of  tamarinds,  has  the  consistence  of  honey  (hence  the  name 
