AroAJP°rii!  x87h9arm  }  Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.         2 1 1 
•set  out  for  examination  and  recognition,  the  following  questions  were  handed  to  the 
students  to  be  answered  in  writing: 
CHEMISTRY. 
A. — i.  What  is  the  velocity  of  Light  ?  2..  How  is  a  ray  of  white  light  affected 
in  passing  through  a  prism  ?  3.  How  many  simple  or  elementary  colors  are  there  ? 
4.  Enumerate  them.  5.  Describe  how  white  light  may  be  re-formed  by  the  union  of 
the  elementary  colors.  6.  What  is  meant  by  spectrum  analysis?  7.  How  does  the 
spectrum  of  one  metal  differ  from  that  of  another?  8.  What  would  be  the  differ- 
ence in  appearance  between  the  solar  spectrum  and  the  spectrum  of  an  element  like 
sodium?  9.  What  is  meant  by  the  refraction  of  light  ?  10.  What  is  phosphor- 
escence. 
£. — 1.  Do  bodies  expand  or  contract  under  the  influence  of  heat  ?  2.  Give  an 
experiment  illustrative  of  this  with  a  solid,  3,  a  liquid,  and  4,  with  gases.  5.  Name 
and^  describe  the  instruments  used  to  measure  temperatures.  6.  Give  the  fixed 
,points  and  graduation  of  the  one  in  common  use  7.  How  may  any  number  on  one 
scale  be  converted  into  the  corresponding  number  on  another  scale?  8.  Convert 
6o°  Fahrenheit  into  the  corresponding  reading  of  the  Centigrade  scale.  9  Convert 
79'4°  Centigrade  into  the  corresponding  reading  on  the  Fahrenheit  scale.  10. 
What  are  the  limits  of  heat  and  cold  that  may  be  determined  with  the  mercury 
thermometer  ? 
C.  —  1.  What  is  the  correct  chemical  name  for  Muriatic  Acid?  2.  Give  the 
method  by  which  it  may  be  obtained  as  a  gas,  and  describe  its  collection.  3. 
Describe  some  of  its  properties.  4.  Give  the  properties  of  the  officinal  Acidum 
Muriaticum.  5.  What  is  its  action  on  Zinc,  and  6,  upon  Zinc  Oxide?  7.  Write 
the  reaction  for  each  of  these  actions.  8.  What  are  the  chief  uses  of  Muriatic 
Acid?  9.  What  class  of  compounds  result  generally  from  its  action?  10.  Illus- 
trate this  by  examples. 
PHARMACY. 
D.  — How  were  the  units  of  length,  capacity  and  weight  obtained  in  the  French 
Metrical  System  ?  Give  the  value  of  each  in  the  system  of  weights  and  measures 
used  in  this  country. 
E.  — Explain  how  the  following  processes  are  practically  performed:  1.  Percola- 
tion. 2.  Sublimation.  3.  Crystallization.  4.  What  special  precautions  are  neces- 
sary to  observe  with  each  to  ensure  success. 
F.  — Define  the  following  pharmaceutical  terms:  1.  Cerate.  2.  Ointment. 
3.  Vinegar.  4.  Syrup.  5.  Fluid  Extract.  6.  Emulsion.  7.  Extract.  8.  Tincture. 
9  Liniment.     10.  Plaster. 
MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  BOTANY. 
G.  — Define  briefly  the  nature  of  parenchyma  and  prosenchyma  cells,  and  of  ducts 
or  vessels.    State  where  they  are  found  in  stems,  in  barks  and  in  leaves. 
H.  — What  is  Ergot,  and  on  what  plants  is  it  found  ?  Describe  briefly  its  devel- 
opment. 
/. — Give  the  botanical  characters  of  the  natural  order  of  Ranunculaceae.  Which 
Tanunculaceous  herbs  are  officinal  ?  Give  their  botanical  names  and  state  their 
habitat.    What  are  their  most  important  chemical  constituents? 
COMMITTEE. 
K — What  is  a  Cotyledon  ?  What  are  plants  called  which  have  one,  two  and 
three  or  more  Cotyledons?    Name  an  example  of  each. 
L- — Water — What  is  its  chemical  composition  ?  Specific  gravity  ?  Proportion 
of  constituents  by  weight  ?  Proportion  of  constituents  by  volume?  Freezing  and 
boiling  point?  Point  of  maximum  density?  How  can  it  be  separated  into  its 
elements?  What  is  the  purest  form  of  water  found  in  nature  ?  What  is  the  pure 
officinal  form  ?    What  are  the  impurities  of  natural  waters  ? 
M. — Describe  two  methods  of  obtaining  substances  in  fine  powders  by  the  use  of 
