AmNo0vU!"i879a.rm'}       Carta  Papaya  and  Papayotin.  559 
apparently,  scarcely  decreased  the  original  bulk  of  the  crocus. — Pharm. 
Ztg.,  Aug.  16,  1879,  p.  506. 
Tannic  acid  stains  are  readily  removed  from  white  goods  by  first 
moistening  with  iron  sulphate  solution,  and  then  removing  the  ink  stains 
thus  produced  with  oxalic  acid  in  the  usual  manner. — Ibid.,  Sept.  10, 
1879,  p.  565. 
Black  Ivory. — Ivory  is  readily  and  nicely  dyed  black  by  first  boiling 
it  in  a  strained  logwood  decoction,  and  then  immersing  it  and  allowing 
it  to  remain  for  a  short  period  in  a  solution  of  sulphate  or  acetate  of 
iron. — Ibid.,  Aug.  13,  1879,  P  500- 
CARICA  PAPAYA  L.  AND  PAPAYOTIN. 
By  Dr.  Theod.  Peckolt. 
(Translated  and  condensed  fr.  "  Ztschr.  d.  AUg.  Oest.  Apoth.  Ver.,"  Aug.  20,  i879» 
p.  361  to  367,  and  Sept.  1,  1879,  P-  373  to  38°  Dy  Louis  VOn  Cotzhausen,  Ph.G.) 
Carica  papaya,  L.,  the  so-called  melon  tree,  is  called  "  Ambapaya  " 
by  the  Pupi  Indians  and  "  Mamao  "  by  the  inhabitants  of  Brazil.  The 
latter  distinguished  three  kinds  :  1,  "Mamao  macho  "  (male  mamao);  2, 
Mamao femea"  (female  mamao,  the  fruit-bearing  tree),  and  3,  "Ma- 
mao melao  "  (melon-bearing  mamao),  a  cultivated  species  of  the  latter. 
The  mamao  female  bears  yellow  fruit  about  as  large  as  a  small  pump- 
kin, weighing  frequently  more  than  1  kilo,  while  the  fruits  of  mamao 
melao  are  light  orange-yellow,  weighing  2  or  3  kilos,  and  frequently 
more.  The  tree,  originally  indigenous  to  America,  now  also  grows  in 
all  portions  of  Tropical  Africa  and  Asia,  requires  scarcely  any  atten- 
tion and  cultivation  after  growiug  a  few  months,  and  yields  crops 
throughout  the  whole  year.  An  analysis  of  the  ripe  fruit  was  made, 
and  it  was  found  to  contain  fat,  resin,  a  trace  of  a  substance  resembling 
caoutchouc,  albumen,  sugar,  pectin,  salts  of  tartaric,  citric  and  malic 
acids,  dextrin,  extractive  matter,  moisture  and  cellular  tissue.  The 
ashes  contained  chlorine,  carbanic  ,  sulphuric-,  silicic-  and  phosphoric- 
acid,  iron,  manganese,  aluminium,  calcium,  magnesium,  potassium  and 
sodium.  The  milk-juice  which  exists  in  the  unripe  fruit,  but  disappears 
almost  entirely  on  ripening,  was  found  to  contain  a  substance  resem- 
bling caoutchouc,  a  fatty  substance  resembling  wax,  soft  resin,  light- 
