302    Ghatti,  and  other  Substitutes  for  Gum  Arabic,  {^"'june^i&s^''"'' 
less  mucilage,  in  color  similar  to  that  from  glassy  amrad,  but  viscosity 
only  '51  (mucil.  acaci8e=l).  Very  adhesive,  and  formed  a  tinted 
emulsion  with  olive  oil. 
A  brownish,  opaque  thick  jelly  was  produced  by  basic  lead  acetate; 
there  was  no  gelatinization  by  borax,  and  only  slight  cloudiness  with 
ammonium  oxalate ;  alcohol  readily  precipitated  a  diluted  solution  and 
ferric  chloride  slightly  darkened  another  portion. 
"  Pale  amrad  ^'  somewhat  resembles  "  gum  acacia  sorts  being  in 
broken  angular  pieces  or  small  tears,  and  these  more  or  less  cracked 
internally — some  pieces  may  be  noticed  having  an  opaline  surface. 
It  forms  a  pale  yellowish  brown,  slightly  gelatinous,  very  fluid 
mucilage,  viscosity  being  '156.  This  is  adhesive  and  emulsifies  olive 
oil  like  the  two  previous  gums,  but  with  a  product  not  quite  so  colored. 
A  thick,  curdy,  opaque  precipitate  was  given  with  basic  lead  acetate ; 
slight  precipitates  were  formed  with  neutral  lead  acetate  and  mercuric 
chloride ;  dense  white  with  ammonium  oxalate,  and  curdy  white  with 
both  ferric  chloride  and  alcohol. 
Oomra  Whatti. — A  dark  gum,  in  irregularly  shaped  and  stalacti- 
form  pieces,  clear  internally  but  dull  surface ;  color  from  reddish  to 
pale  yellow. 
This  gave  a  mucilage  somewhat  darker  than  glassy  amrad,  but  of 
similar  properties.  Viscosity  1*8,  adhesive,  and  emulsified  oils  easily. 
No  precipitates  were  given  with  neutral  or  basic  lead  acetates,  but 
white  with  ammonium  oxalate  or  alcohol ;  borax  gelatinized  it,  and 
ferric  chloride  caused  darkish  coloration. 
Ghatti. — A  pale  gum  consisting  of  rounded  or  vermiform  pieces  of 
varying  size,  clear  internally,  but  dull  and  roughened  on  the  surface, 
apparently  caused  by  shrinkage  in  drying ;  from  brownish-yellow  to 
perfectly  colorless  and  transparent.  More  carelessly  picked  than 
previous  specimens,  with  woody  and  other  foreign  matter  ad- 
hering. 
With  the  same  proportion  of  water  as  the  other  gums  it  formed  a 
pale  yellowish-brown  semi-solid  mass,  very  powerfully  adhesive. 
When  diluted,  the  solution  gave  a  translucent  slightly  gelatinous 
precipitate  with  basic  lead  acetate,  was  precipitated  by  alcohol,  gela- 
tinized by  borax,  but  only  a  slight  opalescence  was  produced  with 
ammonium  oxalate.  By  incineration,  the  gum  yielded  2*55  per  cent, 
of  an  ash  consisting  chiefly  of  potassium  and  calcium  carbonates  and 
traces  of  sulphate. 
