'^"^'oct^fim^'^"^*}      Gleanings  from  the  German  Journals.  513 
beginning,  10  com.  is  sprayed  once  daily,  to  be  increased  to  25  ccm. 
twice  daily.  The  larger  portion  of  the  liquid  should  be  inspired.  It 
reaches  the  lungs,  say  the  authors,  but  salivation  does  not  follow,  even 
after  months  of  treatment.  The  sputa  changes  in  character  and 
diminishes  in  quantity ;  the  number  of  microbes  is  lessened,  but  these 
organisms  rarely  dissappear  completely.  The  cough  increases  at  first, 
and  afterwards  subsides. 
GLEANINGS  FROM  THE  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
By  Feank  X.  M(ERK,  Ph.G. 
Naphthol,  lately  used  as  a  preservative  for  foods,  can  be  detected  by 
extraction  with  ether,  allowing  to  evaporate  and  dissolving  residue  in 
hot  water ;  the  solution  is  first  rendered  faintly  alkaline  with  ammo- 
nia, then  faintly  add  with  nitric  acid  after  which  a  drop  of  fuming 
nitric  acid  or  of  a  nitrite  solution  is  added,  when  a  rose-red  color  in- 
dicates naphthol. — Beebe  {Ann.  Chem.)  JRdsch.,  1888,  623. 
Citric  acid  has  been  found  by  T.  Henkel  (Chem.  Centralbl.)  to  be 
present  in  cow's  milk  in  quantity  varying  from  0*9  to  I'l  gm.  per 
liter.  The  concretions  frequently  found  in  condensed  milk  consist  of 
almost  pure  calcium  citrate.  Woman's  milk  contains  no  citric  acid. — 
Ztschr.f.  Nahrungsm.  Unters.,  1888,  135. 
Fiperine  estimations. — 50  gm.  pepper  are  extracted  with  methyl  alco- 
hol, after  the  evaporation  of  the  solvent  the  residue  is  treated  with  a  cold 
solution  of  potassium  carbonate  which  dissolves  the  resinous  substances 
leaving  the  piperine ;  this  is  washed  with  water,  recrystallized  from 
alcohol,  dried  at  100°  and  weighed.  From  the  alkaline  solution  the 
resin  can  be  precipitated  by  hydrochloric  acid.  The  specimens  con- 
tained approximately  14  per  cent,  moisture ;  the  figures  relate  to  dry 
material : 
Piperine.  Resin. 
Black- pepper,  7*  14  per  cent.  1*44  per  cent. 
(Trang.)  6-62      "  0-82 
White     "  6-47      "  0-69 
Long      "  4-24      "  116  " 
T.  Stevenson  (Analyst)  Ztschr.  f.  Nahrungsm.  Unters.,  1888, 135. 
lodoformium  bituminosum  is  made  by  incorporating  iodoform  with 
tar  in  such  a  manner  that  an  almost  odorless  preparation  results ;  the 
process  remains  a  secret.    In  larger  quantities  the  odor  of  tar  is  per- 
