A%f?cUh;iP9i3m'}    Examination  of  Vegetable  Products.  135 
analysis  of  a  mixture  of  wheat,  buckwheat  and  corn  flours  gives 
us  little  information,  and  it  is  only  after  the  characteristic  starch 
granules  and  tissues  of  each  have  been  found  under  the  microscope 
that  we  gain  a  definite  idea  of  the  nature  of  the  constituents. 
Again,  in  the  examination  of  paper,  the  microscope  is  our  sole 
dependence  in  learning  the  nature  and  approximate  percentages 
of  the  fibers  employed,  chemical  analysis  serving  merely  to  determine 
the  kind  and  amount  of  sizing,  coating  and  other  non-fibrous  con- 
stituents. 
Among  some  condimental  cattle  foods  examined  by  the  writer 
some  time  since  was  one,  the  chemical  analysis  of  which  disclosed 
but  one  proximate  constituent,  viz.,  common  salt ;  the  microscope, 
however,  disclosed  linseed  meal,  corn  meal,  wheat  feed,  mustard 
hulls,  cocoa  shells,  malt  sprouts,  fenugreek  and  turmeric.  In  such  a 
case,  dependence  must  be  placed  entirely  on  the  microscope,  except 
for  mineral  ingredients. 
Chemical  analysis  of  another  sample  demonstrated  the  presence 
of  ground  bone,  carbonate  of  lime,  iron  oxide  and  free  sulphur ; 
microscopical  examination  disclosed  linseed  meal,  wheat  feed  and 
charcoal.  This  is  a  striking  example  of  a  material  in  which  half 
the  constituents  (all  mineral)  can  only  be  detected  by  chemical 
analysis;  the  other  half  (all  vegetable)  by  the  microscope. 
Many  other  equally  striking  examples  of  the  interdependence  of 
these  two  applied  analytical  sciences  might  be  cited. 
The  point  now  arises  as  to  who  is  to  carry  on  these  two  lines  of 
investigation  so  different  in  details  but  so  similar  in  purpose. 
One  plan  is  for  a  chemist  to  make  the  chemical  analysis  and  a 
botanist  the  microscopical  examination.  This  plan  has  the  advantage 
that  each  can  confine  his  attention  to  one  specialty,  but  it  had  the 
disadvantage  that  the  close  partnership  between  the  two,  which  is 
essential  to  the  best  results,  outside  of  large  institutions,  is  both 
difficult  and  expensive.  Such  a  division  of  labor  would  usually  be 
as  impracticable  as  to  divide  the  work  of  a  chemical  laboratory  be- 
tween a  chemist  and  a  physicist,  the  former  conducting  the  precipita- 
tions and  other  chemical  processes,  the  latter,  polarizations,  determi- 
nations of  specific  gravity,  refractive  index  and  the  like. 
The  rational  plan  is  for  one  man  to  master  both  lines  of  research. 
Such  a  man  need  not  execute  all  the  details,  but  he  should  be 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  them  and  should  interpret  the  results. 
We  will  call  him  an  analyst,  not  a  chemist  or  a  botanist,  and  his 
