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A  Counsel  of  Perfection. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pbarm. 
\  September,  1913. 
other  universities  and  colleges  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  East  and 
South,  and  no  matter  how  large  their  endowments  and  income,  each 
and  all  require  more  money  to  keep  pace  with  the  growing  expenses 
of  higher  education  in  the  modern  university. 
It  needs  no  apology  to  broach  the  matter  here,  for  Franklin 
founded  both  the  American  Philosophical  Society  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania.  In  fact  after  the  Revolution  the  charter  of 
his  College  of  Philadelphia  was  taken  away,  and  a  Charter  given  to 
the  University  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  constitution 
affirmed  the  duty  of  the  state  to  help  it.  Later  the  charter  of  the 
college  was  restored,  and  still  later  the  college  and  the  university 
were  united  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it  has  grown 
to  its  present  great  estate  under  that  charter  and  that  name. 
From  time  to  time  the  state  has  aided  it,  and  private  munificence 
has  enabled  it  to  provide  the  splendid  buildings  in  which  it  is  now 
housed,  with  College  and  Law  and*  Medical  Departments,  and  to 
maintain  in  Towne  Engineering  School,  and  the  Wharton  School 
of  Finance  and  Economy,  and  the  Zoological  and  Dental  and  Veter- 
inary Schools,  and  a  long  list  of  endowed  Professorships  and  Fel- 
lowships and  Scholarships  and  prizes.  With  all  these,  and  the  other 
resources  of  the  university,  there  is  still  an  annual  deficit  which 
must  be  met.  To  do  so  would  require  an  additional  endowment 
sufficient  to  provide  an  income  of  half  a  million  dollars  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  university.  How  to  provide  this  is  a  question  that  taxes 
the  university  authorities  and  exacts  time,  thought  and  anxiety  of 
provost,  trustees,  faculty  and  alumni,  when  they  ought  to  be  free  to 
give  attention  to  the  work  of  instruction  and  to  raising  the  standard 
of  education  in  all  its  departments. 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Montana,  Wisconsin,  are  among  the 
western  states  which  have  state  universities.  In  their  state  consti- 
tutions provision  is  made  for  an  automatic  assignment  of  a  small 
part  of  the  state  taxes  for  their  support.  Thus  all  appeal  to  the 
state  legislature  for  support  is  made  unnecessary.  In  Wisconsin, 
and  in  many  other  universities,  colleges,  etc.,  the  United  States 
Land  Grant  is  made  part  of  the  endowment  of  the  state  university, 
and  for  agricultural  and  technical  schools.  Iowa  has  recently  put 
all  its  educational  institutions  under  a  single  governing  board.  All 
the  western  universities  have  out  of  the  increasing  wealth  and  reve- 
nues of  their  states  provided  incomes  growing  in  proportion  to  their 
needs,  and  their  activities  keep  pace  with  them.    University  exten- 
