34  -     Plants  Used  as  Insecticides.  {AjanJu°aury, 
Landerer  claims  that  one  may  advantageously  replace  ordinary 
insect  powder  with  the  flowers  of  this  plant.  ( Jahresberiche  fur 
Pharmacie,  1879,  p.  92.) 
Chrysanthemum  indicum.  Persian  Chamomile,  Flea-grass  or 
Flea-killer. 
Chrysanthemum  Leucanthemum  L.  Composite.  Synonym: 
Leucanthemum  vitlgare  Lam.  Ox-eye  Daisy.  Europe  and  Asia, 
nat.  in  eastern  U.  S. 
Flowers  of  this  were  entirely  inactive  against  flies.  (Kalbruner.) 
Chrysanthemum  Marschallii  Aschers.  Composite?.  Synonyms  : 
Pyrethrum  carneum  M.  B.,  Chrysanthemum  carneum  Weber. 
See  C.  roseum. 
Chrysanthemum  Parthenium  (L.)  Pers.  Composites .  Syn- 
onyms :  Matricaria  Parthenium  L.,  Pyrethrum  Parthenium 
Smith,  Tanacetum  Parthenium  Schulz.  Feverfew.  Europe,  adv. 
in  U.  S. 
Flowers  have  a  benumbing  effect  on  flies,  acting  in  1  to  2  hours. 
(Kalbruner.) 
Pulverized  when  dried  and  perfectly  fresh  it  has  an  effect  on 
roaches  similar  to  that  of  insect  powder,  and  appears  to  be  very 
distasteful  to  them  if  dusted  in  their  haunts.  (Glover,  Rept.  U.  S. 
Com.  Agr.,  1874,  p.  I33-) 
Chrysanthemum  roseum  Web.  &  Mohr.    Composite.    Synonym : 
Pyrethrum  roseum  Bieber.    Persia  to  Caucasus  Mountains. 
The  powdered  flower  heads  of  this  or  of  C.  Marshallii  constitute 
Persian  insect  powder.    In  the  Index  Kewensis  both  species  are  re- 
ferred to  C.  coccineum  Willd.  (Lyons.) 
Chrysanthemum  Segetum  L.  Composite.  Synonym:  Pyre- 
thrum Segetum  Moench.  Corn  Marigold.  Europe. 
Used  in  Greece  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Persian  insect  pow- 
der, and  is  quite  efficacious  for  the  purpose,  particularly  when  used 
in  fumigation,  (Landerer,  Am.  J.  Pharmacy,  4th  series,  Vol.  7, 
April,  1877,  p.  155.) 
Cimicifuga  racemosa  (L.)  Nutt.  Ranunculacece.  Synonyms: 
Actinospora  racemosa  L.,  Cimicifuga  Serpentaria  Pursh,  Ma- 
crotrys  actccoides  Raf.,  Botrophis  actceoides  Raf.,  Thalictrodes 
racemosum  O.  Kze.  Black  Cohosh,  Black  Snakeroot,  Bugbane. 
Eastern  U.  S.   Rhizome  and  roots  =  Cimicifuga  U.  S.  P. 
