AFeb£S£y  Pih9aiT'  J       Plants  Used  as  Insecticides.  105 
similar  purposes.  (Martindale  in  discussion  of  Kirkby's  paper, 
Pharm.  J.  and  Trans.,  3d  series,  Vol.  19,  September  22,  1888,  p. 
241.) 
Heads  exert  a  similar  effect  on  insects  as  pyrethrum.  (Gieseler, 
Proc.  Am.  Pharm.  Assoc.,  Vol.  10,  1862,  p,  112.) 
Flowers  of  this  were  very  feebly  benumbing  to  flies.  (Kal- 
bruner.) 
Trilisa  odoratissima   (Walt.)    Cass.     Composite?.  Synonyms: 
Anonymos  odoratissimus  Walt.,  Liatris  odoratissimus  Michx. 
Wild  Vanilla,  Vanilla-Leaf.    Eastern  U.  S. 
The  leaves  are  used  to  protect  woolen  clothes  from  the  attacks 
of  moths.    (Jackson,  Pharm.  J.  and  Trans.,  3d  series,  Vol.  4,  Octo- 
ber 25,  1873,  p.  322.) 
Trop^eolum  majus  L.     Geraniacew.    Synonyms :  Cardamindum 
majus  Moench.    Common  Nasturtium.    Peru,  cult,  in  gardens. 
Has  some  insecticidal  value,  and  it  is  even  said  that  when  planted 
around  apple  trees  it  will  rid  them  finally  of  the  wooly  aphis,  (von 
Mueller.) 
Tylophora  fasiculata  Ham.  Asclepiadaceee. 
Leaves  and  root  generally  used  to  destroy  rats  and  other  ver- 
min. Proved  fatal  to  man.  (Pharmacogr.  Ind.,  quoted  by  Gres- 
hoff.) 
Umbellularia  californica  Nutt.  Lauracece.  Synonyms  :  Tetran- 
thera  California  H.  &  Arn.,  Oreodaphne  californica  Nees.,  Lin- 
haria  californica  B.  &  H.  California  Laurel.  Calif,  to  Puget 
Sound. 
"  The  leaves  appear  to  be  very  valuable  for  driving  fleas  away. 
One  Indian  said  that  they  are  very  effective  if  strewn  about  the  yard, 
and  one  white  man  assured  me  that,  after  spending  $10  to  $15  on 
flea  powders  in  a  vain  endeavor  to  drive  these  insects  away,  he  had 
used  laurel  leaves  with  very  marked  success."  (Chesnut,  U.  S. 
Dept.  Agr.  Div.  Bot.  Contributions  from  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Herbarium, 
Vol.  VII,  No.  3,  1902,  p.  351.) 
The  tree  is  never  attacked  by  insects,  owing,  as  it  is  supposed,  to 
the  volatile  oil  it  contains.  (Heamy,  Am.  J.  Pharmacy,  4th  series, 
Vol.  5,  March,  1875,  P-  105.) 
Veratrum  album  L.  Melanthacece.  Synonyms :  Veratrum  album 
var.  viridiflorum  Mert.  &  Koch,  Veratrum  Lobelianum  Bernh., 
