Am.  Jour.  Pharm.| 
February,  19 19.  > 
Cacao  Shell. 
107 
Ximenia  Americana  L.  Olacacece.  Synonyms :  Ximenia  inermis 
L.,  Ximenia  spinosa  Salisb.  Tallow-nut;  Wild  Olive.  West 
Indies. 
The  crushed  rind  is  frequently  applied  by  the  negroes  in  Africa 
to  the  sores  of  domestic  animals  to  keep  off  the  fleas.  (Walwitsch, 
quoted  by  Greshof?.) 
Zanthoxylum  Clava-Hercules  L.  Rutacew.  Synonyms :  Zan- 
thoxylum  carolinianum  Lam.,  F  agora  Clava-her  cutis  (L.) 
Small  (U.  S.  P.),  Fagara  carolinianum  (Lam.)  Engler,  Zan- 
thoxylum fraxinifolium  Walt.,  not  Marsh.,  Zanthoxylum  tri- 
carpum  Michx.,  not  Hook.  Prickly  Ash.  Southeastern  U.  S. 
The  powdered  leaves  seemed  obnoxious  to  cotton  worms  (Ale- 
tia).  (Riley.) 
The  author  does  not  assume  responsibility  for  the  statements 
made  relative  to  the  efficacy  of  the  various  plants  mentioned  above, 
but  merely  quotes  the  statements  that  have  been  made  by  various 
authors.  It  is  probable  that  further  tests  of  some  of  the  plants  will 
show  that  many  of  the  statements  made  relative  to  their  insecticidal 
action  are  in  error. 
This  paper  is  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  calling  to  the  attention 
of  entomologists  promising  insecticidal  plants  for  further  investiga- 
tion. Users  and  manufacturers  of  insecticides  will  not  be  justified 
in  assuming  that  all  of  the  statements  here  quoted,  relative  to  the 
efficacy  of  the  plants  mentioned,  are  in  strict  accordance  with  facts. 
THE  SEPARATION  AND  USES  OF  CACAO  SHELL.1 
By  A.  W.  Knapp,  B.Sc,  F.I.C. 
The  regulations  recently  issued  by  the  Food  Controller  con- 
cerning cacao  shell  in  cocoa  have  brought  this  subject  again  into 
prominence.  Since  the  famous  legal  case  in  1910  when  a  cocoa 
powder  containing  18  per  cent,  of  shell  was  found  to  be  genuine,  it 
has  received  little  attention,  and  now  for  the  first  time  in  England, 
the  amount  of  shell  that  may  be  present  in  cocoa  has  been  carefully 
defined. 
1  Reprinted  from  the  Journal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry,  July, 
1918. 
