^'jSv,r'i9ih9arm'  )     Pharmacy  in  the  Italian  Army.  457 
the  color  of  which  is  now  fairly  familiar  in  the  streets  of  London. 
The  different  regiments,  administrational  and  other  services,  are 
distinguished  bv  different  colored,  gorget  patches.  Medical  officers 
wear  dull  cherry-colored,  and  pharmacists  black  patches,  on  their 
collars.  All  grades  of  the  Italian  Army,  from  private  to  general 
officer,  wear  the  five-pointed  star  of  United  Italy  on  the  collar-patch. 
Medical  officers  and  pharmacist  officers  of  the  Italian  Red  Cross 
have  the  same  badge  as  military  ranks,  but  with  a  small  red  cross 
in  the  center  of  the  star.  The  cap  badge  of  all  grades  of  the  medical 
service  is  a  five-pointed  star  enclosing  a  minute  red  cross  and  sur- 
mounted by  the  royal  crown. 
The  Medical  Service  in  the  Field. — The  medical  service  with 
an  army  in  the  field  is  divisible  into  three  groups:  (1)  Divisional, 
(2)  Corps,  (3)  Army. 
1.  Divisional. — As  in  the  French  Army  each  regiment — which, 
it  will  be  remembered,  corresponds  with  a  British  brigade — has  its 
own  regimental  medical  staff,  but  in  the  Italian  Army  there  is  no 
pharmacist  officer  in  charge  of  the  regiment,  as  with  the  French. 
Each  division  has  one  Sezione  di  Sanita,  which  is  responsible  for 
the  evacuation  of  wounded  from  the  regimental  aid  posts  back  to 
the  field  hospital.  There  is  no  pharmacist  with  this  formation, 
which  corresponds  with  the  Groupe  des  Brancardiers  Divisionnaire, 
or  Divisional  Bearer  Company  of  the  French  rather  than  with  our 
field  ambulances. 
2.  Corps. — The  Italian  Army  is  organized  on  a  corps  basis,  and 
therefore  the  Direttore  di  San  it  a,  who  corresponds  with  the  Deputv 
Director  of  Medical  Services  in  our  army,  has  much  more  power 
and  authority  than  has  his  British  colleague.  The  Italian  officer 
corresponding  with  our  Divisional  A.D.M.S.  is  only  a  major,  and 
has  comparatively  little  administrative  work  or  responsibility.  In 
our  army  the  Divisional  A.D.M.S.  and  Corps  D.D.M.S.  are  both 
full  colonels,  and,  whereas  the  former  has  three  units  under  his  im- 
mediate command,  the  latter  has  no  medical  formations  under  his 
direct  control. 
Each  Italian  corps  has  attached  to  it  from  twenty  to  thirty  Ospe- 
dali  di  Campo,  with  an  aggregate  of  two  thousand  beds.  Ospedali 
di  Campo  are  field  hospitals,  and  provide  accommodation  for  50. 
100  or  200  patients. 
It  is  with  the  hundred-bedded  hospital  that  we  first  find  the 
pharmacist  officer.    The  personnel  of  these  units  is :  Three  medical 
