Am'jiiy,r'i9ih9.rm"  J     Pharmacy  in  the  Italian  Army.  459 
The  chief  source  of  drugs,  dressings,  and  medical  and  surgical 
appliances  for  the  Italian  Army  is  the  F  armaria  Centrale  M  Hit  are 
at  Turin,  which  is  under  the  command  of  the  Chemico  Farmacista 
Direttore,  who  has  a  large  staff  of  pharmacist  officers  and  subor- 
dinates. 
The  Central  Military  Pharmacy  is  organized  in  six  sections, 
each  under  the  command  of  a  pharmacist  officer.  These  sections 
are  as  follows : 
(1)  Analytical  Laboratory. 
(2)  Pharmaceutical  Laboratory. 
(3)  Quinine  Factory. 
(4)  Bacteriological  Laboratory. 
(5)  Surgical  Dressing  Mill. 
(6)  Packing,  Receiving  and  Distributing  Stores. 
The  "  Pharmacy "  is,  in  short,  a  wholesale  drug-store  of  the 
largest  and.  most  up-to-date  kind.  The  machinery  for  making  tablets 
is  of  the  most  modern  description,  and  the  preparation  of  hypo- 
dermic solutions  is  a  special  feature  of  the  establishment.  All  hypo- 
dermic solutions  are  packed  in  small  phials  containing  one  dose. 
The  quinine  factory  was,  before  the  war,  the  most  important 
part  of  the  pharmacy.  It  supplied  not  only  the  Army,  but  many 
civil  institutions  in  Italy  and  elsewhere.  Malaria  is  common  in  parts 
of  the  kingdom,  and,  as  in  India,  the  state,  aided  by  the  Croce  Rossa 
Ifaliana,  makes  special  arrangements  for  the  sale  and  gratuitous  dis- 
tribution of  quinine  to  the  public. 
The  Central' Pharmacy  was  able  to  turn  out  300,000  five-grain 
tablets  of  quinine  daily,  and,  in  addition  to  supplying  its  own  needs 
before  the  war,  the  Italian  Government  was  able  to  export  quinine 
to  Turkey,  Greece,  the  Balkan  States,  and  many  other  countries. 
The  Central  Pharmacy  distributes  supplies  to  regional  and  army 
pharmacies,  on  which  all  military  hospitals  and  formations  in  the 
region  or  army  indent  for  their  requirements. 
Recruitment  of  Pharmacist  Officers. — The  Italian  Army 
Medical  School  is  at  Florence.  It  is  an  institution  exactly  similar 
to  our  Royal  Army  Medical  College.  Like  our  college,  it  differs 
from  the  French  and  other  continental  military  medical  schools  in 
the  fact  that  it  is  attended  only  by  graduates  in  medicine  of  the  uni- 
versities who  are  candidates  for  commissions  in  the  regular  army  or 
for  the  rank  of  surgeon-lieutenant  in  the  reserve.  Pharmacists  do 
not  pass  through  this  school.    Students  of  pharmacy  enter  com- 
