324 
The  International  Exposition. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm, 
1       July,  1876. 
less  than  three  varieties,  namely:  1,  raised  from  seed  brought  by  Hasskarl  5  zr 
from  seed  sent  by  Schuhkraft,  and  3,  by  Ledger  from  Bolivia.  The  branches  of 
the  first  variety  have  broadly  ovate  leaves  with  a  tapering  base;  those  of  the  second 
are  much  narrower  and  lanceolate,  and  of  the  third  variety,  ovate  and  lanceolate 
leaves  are  presented. 
The  Javanese  exhibition  of  cinchonas  would  be  incomplete  without  the  display 
of  the  cinchona  alkaloids,  which  together  with  some  of  their  salts,  are  shown  in  var- 
ious stages  of  purity;  likewise  the  mixed  alkaloids  of  red  bark  which  have  been 
used  with  good  results  in  the  Indian  hospitals  and  Europe  (see  £>uinetum  in  March 
number,  p.  134).  These  preparations  are  manufactured  in  Java,  and  although  they 
are  not  of  the  dazzling  whiteness  in  which  we  expect  to  see  them  here,  no  doubt 
can  be  entertained  of  their  purity,  a  minute  quantity  of  coloring  matter  excepted. 
Adjoining  the  Netherlands,  we  find  in  the  enclosure  of  Mexico  an  instructive  col- 
lection of  medicinal  plants,  sent  here  by  the  Sociedad  Mexicana  de  Hktoria  Naturah 
For  the  present,  we  notice  more  especially  a  dried  specimen  of  Cinchona  Calisaya,, 
including  flowers,  fruit  and  bark.  Cinchona  seeds  were  distributed  in  Mexico  in 
1866  by  the  Emperor  Maximilian,  but  for  several  years  afterwards  the  cultivation* 
was  not  successful  (see  "Amer.  Jour.  Phar.,"  1870,  p.  542).  This  seems  to  be  differ- 
ent now,  if  we  may  be  permitted  to  judge  from  botanical  specimens  of  the  plants- 
and  samples  of  their  barks  exhibited  by  Mr.  Hugo  Fink,  of  Cordoba,  and  which 
were  grown  by  him  in  the  neighborhood  of  that  city.  Three  species  are  represented,, 
namely,  Cinchona  officinalis,  Lin.  (S.  condaminea),  C.  succirubra  and  C.  calisaya. 
Two  botanical  specimens  (flowering  and  fruiting  branch)  are  shown  of  each  species., 
and  though  in  beauty  of  preparation  and  preservation  they  are  not  equal  to  the  Java 
specimens,  yet,  in  the  absence  of  the  latter,  they  would  be  regarded  not  only  as  in- 
teresting and  instructive,  but  even  as  beautiful.  Specimens  of  quilled  bark  ac- 
company each  species,  and  of  Cinchona  officinalis  a  section  of  the  trunk,  9  years  old,, 
nearly  2  feet  long  and  about  6  inches  in  diameter  is  shown,  with  the  bark  still  ad- 
hering. 
Passing  westward  in  the  Main  Building,  we  meet  cinchona  barks  again  in  the 
American  department  in  connection  with  the  displays  of  Powers  &  Weightman  and 
of  Rosengarten  &  Sons,  where  they  are  shown  as  the  source  of  quinia  and  the  allied 
alkaloids  exhibited  by  both  firms  in  large  quantities  and  in  a  variety  of  combinations. 
The  barks  exhibited  by  Rosengarten  &  Sons  comprise  samples  of  red,  Calisaya, 
hard  Pitaya  and  cinchona  barks,  grown  in  India  and  Ceylon.  Powers  &  Weight- 
man  show  original  packages  and  separate  samples  of  Calisaya,  red  and  other  South 
American  barks,  and  samples  of  their  powder;  also,  East  Indian  bark  from  Cinch, 
succirubra  and  C.  officinalis,  the  latter  partly  of  the  first  crop  and  partly  of  the 
renewed  kind.  It  will  be  remembered  that  in  India  the  bark  is  partly  removed  from 
one  side  of  the  tree  in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  disturb  the  cambium  layer,  after 
which  the  wound  is  covered  up,  when  the  bark  will  again  be  formed,  and,  after 
some  years,  will  have  attained  sufficient  thickness  to  be  collected  as  renewed  bark. 
Treated  in  this  manner,  the  tree  is  made  to  yield  several  successive  crops  of  bark. 
The  cinchona  alkaloids  and  their  salts  form  a  prominent  feature  of  the  exhibits  of 
the  two  Philadelphia  firms  mentioned,  more  particularly  the  sulphates  which  are 
shown  in  bulk  in  large  quantities  ;  the  weight  of  the  quinia  sulphate  in  one  glass 
