326 
The  International  Exposition. 
f  Am  Jour.  Pharm. 
1      July,  1876. 
cliraatal  conditions  requisite  for  this  culture  are  found  in  the  Blue  mountains,  at  a 
height  of  from  4,000  to  6,00c  feet  above  the  sea,  where  the  temperature  rarely  falls 
below  500  F.  or  rises  above  700,  and  where  the  necessary  humidity  is  afforded. 
The  first  crop  of  bark  is  expected  to  be  realized  about  the  tenth  year  from  the  time 
of  planting  out,  as  has  been  the  case  in  the  plantations  of  India.  Mr.  Thomson 
exhibits,  however,  the  bark  from  three  trees,  seven  years  old,  of  which  C.  Calisaya 
yielded  3,  C.  succirubra  4  and  C.  officinalis  2  lbs.  of  bark.  According  to  the 
analyses,  made  by  De  Vrij'  and  Howard,  some  time  ago,  the  last  named  species 
does  not  promise  to  become  rich  in  alkaloids.  Moreover,  it  does  not  grow  so 
vigorously  as  the  two  preceding  species,  and,  as  will  be  seen  above,  yields  less  bark 
in  the  same  period  ;  for  these  reasons  its  cultivation  has  not  been  extended  for  some 
years  past.  The  two  other  species,  of  which  the  succirubra  is  the  most  rapid 
grower,  yielded,  to  the  two  quinologists  named  before,  very  satisfactory  results,  so 
that  Jamaica  may  be  expected  to  produce,  in  a  few  years,  a  steady  supply  of  excel- 
lent cinchona  bark. 
With  the  above,  we  have  exhausted  all  the  fine  specimens  of  cinchonas  and  theiir 
products.  The  India  department  of  the  exhibition  contains,  from  the  India 
Museum,  at  London,  an  excellent  collection  of  articles  of  Materia  Medica  from 
the  East  Indies,  which  gives  a  fair  idea  of  the  vast  resources  of  that  rich  country. 
In  that  collection  are  also  samples  of  Calisaya  and  red  barks  from  the  Neilgherry 
mountains  and  Kangra,  but  the  specimens  are  small  and  insignificant  as  compared 
with  those  enumerated  above,  nor  has  an  attempt  been  made  to  show  the  extent 
and  success  of  the  cultivation  of  cinchonas,  as  we  find  it  in  the  departments  of 
Netherlands,  Mexico  and  Jamaica  ;  the  chemical  section  of  the  United  States  gives 
a  far  better  insight  into  the  importance  of  India  in  this  respect.  The  other  British 
colonies,  into  which  the  cinchonas  have  been  introduced,  make,  like  India,  no 
especial  display  of  these  valuable  barks,  nor  has  Peru  sent  any  samples  of  these 
products  of  her  soil,  except  a  small  bottle  labeled  vascarilla^  without  any  other 
designation,  and  containing  quilled  cinchona  bark  of  undetermined  origin. 
Brazil  exhibits  a  bark,  from  Matto  Grosso,  which  is  labeled  Cinchona  cuyabensis? 
a  name  which  we  do  not  find  in  WeddelPs  "  Notes  sur  les  Quinquinas,'1  nor  is  it 
stated  whether  this  bark  really  contains  any  cinchona  alkaloid. 
The  chemical  products  of  the  cinchonas  are  likewise  not  as  well  represented  as 
they  deserve  to  be  for  their  industrial  importance  alone,  even  firms  being  absent 
whose  quinia  is  sometimes  met  with  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  It  is  true  that 
small  samples  of  quinia  and  other  alkaloidal  salts  are  to  be  found  scattered  in  vari- 
ous places  of  the  exposition  ;  but  they  have  the  appearance  rather  of  being  sent 
here  as  products  of  pharmaceutical  skill,  than  to  give  an  idea  of  the  large  industrial 
pursuits  of  their  countries. 
In  the  above  account  we  have  taken  no  notice  of  the  scale  preparations  of  quinia 
and  iron,  of  which  there  are  numerous  samples,  large  and  small,  on  exhibition,  not 
only  by  manufacturers  of  quinia,  but  also  by  other  manufacturing  chemists,  manu- 
facturing pharmacists  and  manufacturers  of  specialties.  The  scales  are  either  red- 
brown,  like  the  salt  officinal  in  the  U.  S  ,  or  green,  like  that  officinal  in  the  "  British, 
Pharmacopoeia. "    All  are  handsome  in  appearance. 
We  have  observed  only  one  living  specimen  of  Cinchona  in  the  Horticultural  Hall 
of  the  exposition  ;  it  is  C.  succirubra,  and  the  little  tree  is  about  four  feet  high. 
