374  The  International  Exposition.        { A  Vug%P76arm' 
The  amount  of  oil  produced  by  the  eucalypts  of  Victoria  and  contained  in  theiir 
leaves  is  estimated  as  follows  : 
Area.  of  ^Tgafono^oil  Jotf  E®* 
for  every  of  volatlle  olL 
Dense  mallee  scrub,  5,560.000  acres.    50  square  ft.    4,843,872,000  gallons. 
Mountainous  ranges,densely 
wooded  with  gums,  6,225,000    "     1000    "  271,161,000  " 
Open  timbered  country,     38,922,000    "  4  acres.  9,730,000  M 
Estimating  the  extent  of  the  Mallee  country  in  New  South  Wales  and  South 
Australia  at  twenty  times  the  area  given  above,  there  are  96,877,444,000  galls,  of 
oil  held  at  one  and  the  same  time  in  a  belt  of  country  massed  together,  over  which 
the  hot  winds  pass  5  and  considering  that  the  same  condition  exists  throughout  the 
major  part  of  Australia  with  the  other  eucalypts,  we  cannot  arrive  at  any  othep 
conclusion  than  that  the  whole  atmosphere  of  Australia  is  more  or  less  affected  by 
the  perpetual  exhalation  of  these  volatile  bodies  and  the  generation  of  ozone  by  the 
minutely  divided  volatile  oil. 
All  the  physical  and  chemical  characters  of  the  eucalypts,  enumerated  above,  lead 
to  the  conclusion  that  they  are  fever-destroying  trees. 
An  interesting  collection  of  eucalyptus  products,  which,  after  the  close  of  the  ex- 
hibition, will  be  presented  to  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  together  with 
the  other  products  sent  here  by  Mr.  Bosisto,  comprise,  besides  a  number  of  essential 
oils,  also  some  pharmaceutical  and  technical  products.  The  essential  oils  are  those 
of  blue  gum  (E. globulus),  peppermint  gum  (E.  amygdalina),  mallee  scrub  (E.  oleosa)? 
red  gum  (E.  rostrata),  ironbark  gum  (E.  sideroxylon),  peach  gum  (E.  persicifolia)r 
sweet-scented  gum  ot  Queensland  (E.  citriodora),  messmate  gum  (E.fissilis),  apple 
tree  gum  (E.  stuartiana),  and  white  gum  [E.  goniocalyx).  They  vary  considerably 
in  their  odor,  which  is  for  some,  indicated  by  the  vernacular  names.  Thus  the 
oils  of  the  various  peppermint  gums  have  an  odor  reminding  of  mint,  the  peach  gum- 
oil,  one  reminding  of  bitter  almond,  etc. 
The  blue  gum  is  named  from  the  shade  of  its  foliage.  The  volatile  oil  is  regarded 
as  tonic,  stimulant,  antiseptic  and  anthelmintic;  a  small  dose  promotes  the  appetite,, 
a  large  one  destroys  it.  In  doses  of  10  to  20  minims  it  first  accelerates  the  pulse  and 
produces  pleasant  general  excitement,  shown  by  irresistible  desire  for  moving  about,, 
and  a  feeling  of  buoyancy  and  strength.  It  is  intoxicating  in  very  large  doses,  not 
followed  by  torpor,  but  producing  a  general  calmness  and  soothing  sleep  ;  any  un- 
pleasantness arising  from  an  overdose  will  be  removed  by  a  cup  of  strong  coffee. 
Internally  it  is  given  in  doses  of  3  to  5  minims  in  mucilage,  syrup  or  glycerin,  and* 
as  an  anthelmintic  by  enema  in  quantities  of  30  to  60  minims  in  mucilage  of  starch. 
The  portion  of  the  volatile  oil  called  eucalyptol,  ("  Amer.  Jour.  Phar."  1870,  p.  465), 
which,  according  to  Faust  and  Homeyer,  {Ibid.  1875,  P«  65),  is  a  mixture  of  four 
different  compounds,  is  employed  for  inhalation  in  bronchial  and  throat  affections, 
one-half  to  one  teaspoonful  being  added  to  half  a  pint  of  water  in  the  inhaler. 
The  powdered  leaves  of  Euc.  globulus  are  employed  as  an  antiseptic  cataplasm,, 
and  the  tincture  and  a  liquor  as  general  tonics  in  doses  of  20  to  30  minims,  and  as 
antiperiodics  in  double  this  quantity  5  cigarettes  made  of  the  leaves  have  been, 
recommended  in  bronchial  and  asthmatic  affections. 
