AmseJp0t?x87h6arm  }    The  Chemical  Industry  of  Germany.  423 
important* remedy  since  it  was  first  recommended  by  Prof.  Denefte,  a  few  years  ago. 
Although  all  the  samples  on  exhibition  are  evidently  pure  and  nicely  crystallized, 
yet,  in  our  opinion,  decidedly  the  handsomest  and  largest  crystals  are  shown  by 
Hance  Bros.  &  White,  Philadelphia,  who  have  on  exhibition  38  lbs.  of  this  com- 
pound, the  result  of  one  crystallization.  We  are  informed  that  this  firm  employ 
-essentially  the  process  published  in  this  journal  1872,  p.  342,  allowing  the  heat  to 
rise  to  27o°F.  (.i32°C.)  and  even  2800  F.  (i38°C),  and  that  other  processes,  which 
were  published  more  recently,  did  not  yield  such  favorable  results.  These  obser- 
vations made  on  a  large  scale  coincide,  therefore,  with  the  experiment  of  F.  C. 
Linthicum  (see  August  number,  p.  346).  The  crop  of  crystals  exhibited  by  the 
.firm  mentionedj'was  obtained  from  petroleum  benzin. 
THE  CHEMICAL  INDUSTRY  OF  GERMANY  AT  THE  CENTEN- 
NIAL EXHIBITION  IN  PHILADELPHIA. 
SY  THE  COMMITTEE   OF  . THE    ASSOCIATED   GERMAN    CHEMICAL  MANUFACTURERS. 
I.  Technical-chemical  and  Pharmaceutical-chemical  Substances  and  Fertilising  Agents. 
This-  class  comprises  the  more  prominent  branches  of  the  chemical  major- 
industry. 
Leblanc's  soda  process,  in  spite  of  the  many  not  unimportant  researches  con- 
cerning it,  has,  chemically  speaking,  experienced  no  important  modification.  In 
the  construction  of  the  ovens  employed,  however,  an  improvement  has  been 
effected,— the  principle  so  much  applied  in  iron  technology,  of  a  revolving  oven, 
having  here  found  application.  Of  the  many  proposed  new  methods  for  the  tran- 
sposition of  the  salt  into  soda,  only  the  so-called  ammonia-soda  process  has  been 
able  to  procure  itself  an  introduction  into  chemical  industry.  In  spite  of  all  doubt 
•concerning  the  profitableness  of  the  method,  it  is  a  fact  that  at  the  present  moment 
the  soda  so  produced  can,  as  excellent  98  per  cent,  article,  compete  with  theLeblanc 
soda. 
But  seldom  do  statistics  reveal  to  us  such  a  great  success  and  such  a  profound 
revolution  of  an  industry  as  the  utilization  of  the  Stassfurt  and  Leopold  Hall 
waste  salts  have  occasioned  in  the  potash  industry.  Although  an  offspring  of  most 
modern  date — hardly  ten  years  old — the  decomposition  and  utilization  of  these 
-salts  have  as  well  as  superceded  all  other  methods  of  producing  potash  salts. 
Corresponding  to  this  colossal  production,  there  are  employed  in  this  branch  of 
industry. besides  1,100  miners  in  the  two  mines,  on  the  average,  3,000  workmen. 
In  1872  were  produced  : 
Potassium  'chloride  in  various  degrees  of  strength,  80  per  cent.,  90  per  cent.,  95 
]per  cent,  and  98  per  cent.,  about  132,000,000  lbs. 
Potassium  sulphate,  by  double  decomposition  of  potassium  chloride  and  magne- 
sium sulphate,  about  1,750,000  lbs. ;  Potassium  carbonate  (potashes)  about  the  same 
amount.  .  Magnesium  sulphate,  raw  and  crystallized,  about  22,000,000  lbs.  Sodium 
sulphate,  crystallized  and  calcined,  about  13,300,000  lbs.  Magnesium  chloride, 
crystallized  and  [fused,  about  11,000,000  lbs.  Boracic  acid,  about  26,400  lbs. 
Bromine  and  bromine  preparations,  about  77,000  lbs.  Artificial  bath-salts,  about 
320,000  lbs.    Potash  manures,  in  various  grades,  about  110,000,000  lbs. 
