468  The  Chemical  Industry  of  Germany.    { Am •0Jc0tu>r-l8p7h6arm" 
bling  colchicia  in  its  reactions  ("Arch.  d.  Phar.,"  1876,  May).  H. 
van  Geldern,  of  Leeuwarden,  Holland,  has  obtained  the  same  body, 
in  1874,  by  the  method  of  Stas  and  Otto,  and  found  then  that  it  could 
also  be  obtained  from  a  mixture  of  unadulterated  hops  and  gelatin. 
The  latter  body  is  always  present  in  beer,  and  is  possibly  the  cause  of 
the  precipitates  formed  with  the  general  reagents  for  alkaloids,  and 
which  are  not  produced  if  pure  hqps  alone  be  employed  for  the  experi- 
ment.— Arch'vu  d.  Pkarm.,  July. 
THE  CHEMICAL  INDUSTRY  OF  GERMANY  AT  THE  CENTEN- 
NIAL EXHIBITION  IN  PHILADELPHIA. 
BY  THE  COMMITTEE    OF   THE    ASSOCIATED   GERMAN    CHEMICAL  MANUFACTURERS. 
II.  Painters'1  and  other  Colors,  Pigments,  Coloring  Materials,  Turpentine,  Oils,  Var- 
nishes, Printers''  Inks  and  Lithographic  Inks,  Writing  Inks  and  Boot-Blackings. 
Of  the  mineral-colors,  the  ultramarine  plays  the  most  important  part  in  the  Ger- 
man export.  Germany  produces  about  four  times  as  much  ultramarine  as  all  other 
countries,  and  exported  in  1874,  5,060,000  lbs.  Germany's  production  of  zinc- 
white  and  lead-white  may  also  be  termed  very  considerable,  as  in  1874  it  was  ex- 
ported 15,070,000  lbs.  Concerning  Germany's  export  of  other  mineral  and  earth- 
colors,  Berlin-blue,  Schweinfurt-,  chromium-  and  Guignet-greens,  cadmium-  and 
zinc-yellows,  cinnabar,  etc.,  are  no  statistics  at  hand.  The  fact,  however,  that  so 
large  a  number  of  the  works  producing  this  plenty  of  products,  exhibit  at  the  Cen- 
tennial, is  sufficient  proof,  that  in  this  branch  of  German  industry,  the  manufac- 
turers lack  no  faith  in  the  excellence  and  powers  of  competition  of  their  products. 
Among  the  products  derived  from  coal-tar  are  benzol,  toluol,  anthracene  and 
carbolic  acid  the  most  important  as  starting-points  in  the  manufacture  of  colors. 
Unfortunately  the  German  dying  industry  is  as  yet  dependant  on  England,  since 
the  only  partially  developed  tar-industry  of  Germany  furnishes  but  i-  of  the  amount 
consumed  in  that  country. 
With  the  progress  of  the  anilin-color  industry,  greater  demands  were  made  on 
the  manufacturers  of  anilin  oil,  and  hence,  it  has  become  the  endeavor  of  the  Ger- 
man anilin  oil  manufacturers  by  a  proper  choice  of  the  raw  products  (benzol-toluol): 
to  improve  the  qualities  of  the  anilin. 
An  important  export  article  for  Germany  is  the  anilin  oil  for  calico  printing. 
Preparations  whose  manufacture  is  successfully  carried  on  by  many  works  are 
methyl- anilin  for  preparation  of  anilin-<violet,  diphenyl-amin,  methyl- diphenyl-amin 
for  preparation  of  the  finer  anilin- blue,  naphthyl-amin  and  Phenylene-diamin. 
The  participation  of  anilin  colors  and  alizarin  industries  in  the  exhibition  corres- 
ponds but  little  to  their  great  importance  to  Germany.  Hardly  a  quarter  of  the 
existing  manufactories  are  represented,  and  yet  the  largest  part  of  the  coal-tar  colors 
used  in  America  are  produced  in  Germany.  In  1874  Germany  exported  673,200 
lbs.  of  anilin  colors,  and  altogether  furnishes  about  three-quarters  of  the  total  anilin 
and  alizarin  colors  in  the  world's  market. 
