47» 
Reviews,  etc. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm: 
Oct.,  1876. 
Pennsylvania,  having  been  appointed  a  committee,  reported  the  following  preamble 
and  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  : 
Whereas,  Those  members  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  and  their  ladies,  who  have 
this  day  visited  the  works  of  the  Pennsylvania  Salt  Manufacturing  Company,  located  at  Greenwich 
Point,  have,  with  pleasure  and  great  profit  to  themselves,  examined  the  various  processes  carried  on 
there  ;  rJ  herefore,  be  it 
Resolved,  That  we  tender  our  hearty  thanks  to  the  officers  and  managers,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Salt 
Manufacturing  Company  for  their  courtesy  and  many  facilities  extended  to  us  in  showing  and  explaining 
the  conversion  of  the  crude  materials  into  the  finished  products  of  their  manufacture  ; 
Resolved,  That  we  feel  greatly  indebted  for  the  generous  hospitality  of  the  officers,  and  for  their 
kindness  in  placing  a  steamboat  at  our  disposal  for  an  excursion  down  the  Delaware  river  to  Greenwich 
Point  and  to  League  Island. 
The  joint  committee,  on  arrangement,  have  held  a  meeting  since  the  adjourn- 
ment of  the  Association,  and,  though  the  accounts  could  not  then  be  completely 
settled,  it  was  ascertained  that  several  hundred  dollars  would  remain  in  the 
Treasurer's  hands.  It  was  unanimously  determined  that  the  surplus  left  should  be 
invested,  and  then  presented  to  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  as  the 
foundation  of  a  fund,  the  interest  of  which  should  be  expended  solely  for  the  pur- 
pose of  aiding  original  investigations. 
In  conclusion,  we  may  be  permitted  to  say  that  the  members  of  the  joint 
committees  have  spared  no  labor  to  make  the  sojourn  of  their  brethren  here  as 
pleasant  and  profitable  as  possible,  and  that  the  entertainment  committee  had 
perfected  all  the  arrangements  entrusted  to  their  special  care  in  a  praiseworthy 
manner,  which,  we  feel  sure,  is  heartily  appreciated  by  all  who  were  present. 
REVIEWS  AND  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICES. 
Beitrage  zur  Lehre  uber  den  Sauerstoff-Bedarf  und  die  gahrungserregende  Fahigkeit 
der  Hefepilze.  Von  Dr.  Adolf  Mayer.  Heidelberg:  Carl  Winter's  Universitats- 
Buchhandlung,  1876.    Large  8vo,  pp.  27. 
Contributions  to  the  Knowledge  on  the  Requirement  of  Oxygen  and  the  Fermen- 
tative Capability  of  the  Yeast  Fungi. 
The  pamphlet  is  issued  by  the  author  as  an  addition  or  appendix  to  his  "  Chem- 
istry of  Fermentation,'1  and  while  it  reviews  briefly  the  various  views  held  by  differ- 
ent investigators  on  this  subject,  bases  the  arguments  on  the  older  experiments  and 
the  modifications  and  perfections  of  the  methods  of  investigation  adopted  by  Bre- 
feld,  as  published  in  1874.  Through  his  critical  comparisons,  the  author  arrives  at 
somewhat  different  conclusions,  which,  however,  appear  to  be  well  founded,  as  far 
as  light  has  been  thrown  upon  this  difficult  subject.  We  may  condense  his  results 
in  the  following  : 
1.  The  breathing  of  oxygen  is  not  necessary  for  the  cellular  growth  of  all  groups 
of  low  organisms. 
2.  The  growth  of  the  beer  yeast  fungus,  in  the  absence  of  oxygen,  is  insignifi- 
cant, and  the  occasional  admission  of  oxygen  is  necessary. 
3.  The  continued  absence  of  oxygen  causes  a  cessation  of  its  growth,  but  not  of 
its  vitality,  unless 
4.  This  absence  continues  for  a  sufficient  length  of  time,  when  all  vitality  ceases. 
5.  A  continued  excessive  supply  of  oxygen  causes  the  fungi  to  vegetate,  without 
inducing  fermentation  5  usually,  however,  the  same  individuals  sustain  fermentation 
and  vegetate  in  consequence  of  a  moderate  supply  of  oxygen. 
6.  Fermentation  may  be  viewed  as  a  sort  of  substitute  for  oxygen  breathing;  it 
is  induced  to  a  greater  extent  by  vital  cells,  the  more  the  supply  of  oxygen  is  lim- 
ited, keeping  in  view  the  possibility  of  an  organism  to  retain  its  vitality  for  some 
time  through  fermentation  alone  and  with  the  total  exclusion  of  oxygen. 
