AmDe°cTi8P76arm-}  Gleanings  from  the  Foreign  Journals.  541 
as  vanillic  acid,  while  the  etherial  tincture  which  had  been  agitated 
with  the  solution  of  bisulphite  of  sodium,  contains  a  fat  which  is 
occasionally  rancid  and  a  resin  possessing,  particularly  when  heated,  a 
characteristic  odor  of  castoreum,  which  is  readily  covered  by  the  odor 
of  vanillin.  This  was  found  to  be  the  case  with  Mexican,  Bourbon 
and  Java  vanilla ;  but  the  so-called  vanillon,  which  has  an  odor 
resembling  heliotrope,  yielded  besides  vanillin  and  vanillic  acid,  an  oil 
possessing  the  odor  of  oil  of  bitter  almonds,  and  which  is  probably 
benzaldehyd. — lbid.^  p.  1 285-1 292. 
Occurrence  of  glucose  in  alcohol. — G.  Salomon  has  obtained  from 
commercial  alcohols  residues  which  reduced  oxide  of  copper.  In  one 
case  he  obtained  from  one  litre  0*13  grams  glucose,  which  impurity 
was  most  likely  dissolved  from  the  barrel  in  which  previously  other 
liquors  may  have  been  kept.  This  impurity  is  of  particular  importance 
in  analytical  investigations.  —  Chem.  Centralbl.,  No.  33. 
The  acids  of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes. — Erlenmeyer  and  Hoster  have 
rendered  it  very  probable  that  the  juice  ©f  unripe  grapes  contains 
glycolic  and  oxalic  acids  ;  Schwarz  has  found  malic  acid  in  it,  and 
H.  Schwarz  and  R.  Brandenburg  now  announce  the  presence  of 
succinic  acid.  If  glyoxylic  acid  should  be  also  discovered  in  the  juice, 
the  production  of  the  acids  can  be  explained  by  the  reducing  influence 
of  light  as  follows  : 
2(CH2Os)+H2  =  Oxalic  acid      C2H204-f  2H20 
C2H204+H2     =  Glyoxylic  acid  C2H203+H20 
C2H2Os-|-H2     =  Glycolic  acid  C2H403 
2(C2H2Os)+H2=  Tartaric  acid  C4H606 
C4H606-f-H2     =  Malic  acid  C4H605+H20 
C4H605-fH2    =  Succinic  acid  C4H604+H20 
— Ber.  d.  deut.  Chem.  Ges.,  1876,  982. 
Reagent  for  Glucose. — A.  Soldaini  recommends  to  dissolve  15  grams 
of  precipitated  carbonate  of  copper  in  a  warm  solution  of  416  grams 
potassium  dicarbonate  in  1400  c.c.  of  water.  The  reagent  is  reduced 
by  grape-  and  milk-sugar,  but  not  by  cane-sugar,  dextrin  or  starch- 
paste,  unless  they  contain  glucose.  Normal,  urine,  tartaric  and  uric 
acids  are  without  action,  but  tannin  and  formic  acid  produce,  when 
heated,  a  separation  of  cuprous  oxide. — Phar.  Cen.  Halle^  No  42. 
Honey  Artificially  Colored. — A  curious  sophistication  has  been  exposed 
