ON  PTNOLINE  AND  OLEONE 
517 
personal  feeling  in  making  the  remarks ;— they  are  thrown  out  as  a 
caution  to  us  all,  that  we  who  claim  to  have  the  welfare  of  our 
professional  body  at  heart,  may  consider  deeply  the  bearing  which 
such  innovations  are  having  on  the  development  and  professional 
health  of  its  members,  and  take  such  measures  as  will  turn  the  cur- 
rent of  this  evil  into  a  channel  where  its  influence  may  be  regulated 
as  far  as  possible.  The  first  remedial  measure  should  be  to  insist 
on  the  clear  and  distinct  annunciation  by  manufacturers  of  the  pro- 
portional strength  of  preparations,  and  the  processes  employed,  espe- 
cially in  reference  to  the  menstruua  used.  Secondly,  the  Association 
should  use  its  best  endeavors  to  compel  the  adoption  of  uniform 
strength  and  formulae  for  all  standard  preparations  not  in  the  Phar- 
macopoeia, and  an  adherence  to  the  processes  of  that  authority  for 
those  that  are  found  in  it.  And  thirdly,  to  use  efficient  means  to 
get  the  next  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  to  include  all  those  pre- 
parations of  worth,  which  are  now  known  and  used  as  unofficinal 
preparations. 
From  the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  1858. 
ON  TWO  ^ETHEREAL  ILLUMINATING  MATERIALS,  PINOLINE 
AND  OLEONE. 
By  Dr.  Hermann  Yohl. 
Pinoline. — The  distillation  of  American  resin,  which  is  a  mix- 
ture of  the  exuded  resins  of  various  species  of  Pinus^  has  been  con- 
siderably extended  of  late,  inasmuch  as  the  products  of  distillation 
are  employed  in  the  preparation  of  the  so-called  patent  grease  for 
waggons  and  engines.  The  author  has  submitted  a  subsidiary  pro- 
duct of  this  distillation,  the  so-called  essence,  to  a  minute  investi- 
gation. 
When  the  distilling  vessel,  which  must  be  capable  of  holding 
about  1000  lbs.,  is  charged  with  resin,  th8  water  existing  in  the 
resin,  and  with  it  a  small  quantity  of  a  light  essential  oil,  are  ex- 
pelled at  the  commencement  of  the  distillation.  The  amount  of 
the  light  oil,  which  is  usually  denominated  "  essence,"  averages  2 
per  cent.  The  water  which  accompanies  the  essence  has  a  strong 
acid  reaction,  in  consequence  of  its  containing  a  considerable 
amount  of  acetic  acid  (many  resins  also  furnish  formic  acid).  The 
essence  was  usually  rectified  and  sold  as  oil  of  turpentine.  The 
