96  Notes  on  Some  Saps  and  Secretions.  {^^SvyXt 
and  is  carried  on  chiefly  in  the  parish  of  St.  Philip,  towards  the  sea- 
shore, where  the  soil  is  scanty  and  dry.  The  produce  of  an  acre  of 
land  is  about  140  pounds  of  extract.  The  plants  require  to  be 
renewed  about  every  fourth  year. 
It  is  this  species  which  Professors  Willkolm  and  Parlatore  record  as 
truly  wild  in  countries  around  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  on  the  sandy 
or  rocky  sea  coasts  of  Spain  and  Italy.  Haworth  found  the  leaves 
of  this  and  of  A.  striata,  more  succulent  than  those  of  any  other  aloe. 
Barbadoes  aloes  is  usually  imported  in  gourds,  breaks  with  a  dull 
conchoidal  fracture,  and  has  a  bitter  taste.  Socotrine  breaks  with 
an  irregular  or  smooth  and  resinous  fracture,  has  a  bitter  taste  and 
a  strong  but  fragrant  odor. 
In  my  work  on  The  Commercial  Products  of  the  Vegetable  King- 
dom," published  as  far  back  as  1853,1  described  the  production 
and  commerce  in  Aloes,  but  much  information  has  been  published 
since  then.  The  imports  into  London  have  been  falling  off  of  late 
years. 
In  1890  the  receipts  were  7,360  cases  and  packages  and  622 
gourds;  in   1892,  they  were  only  2,652  cases  and  277  gourds. 
Anacardium  occidentale,  Lin. — The  trunk  and  branches  of  the 
cashew-nut  tree  yield,  on  being  wounded,  during  the  monthly  ascent 
of  the  sap,  a  white  and  transparent  gum,  similar  to  that  of  arabic. 
A  full-grown  tree  will  furnish  an  annual  amount  of  ten  or  twelve 
pounds.  The  fresh  acid  juice  of  the  flower  stalks  is  used  in  lemon- 
ade ;  wine  and  vinegar  are  made  by  fermenting  it. 
Anogeissus  latifolia,  Wall. — The  gum  from  this  Indian  tree  occurs 
in  clear,  straw-colored,  elongated  tears,  adhering  in  masses,  some- 
times honey-colored,  or  even  brown  from  impurities.  As  an  adhe- 
sive gum  it  is  inferior  in  strength  to  gum  arabic,  in  consequence  of 
which  it  commands  a  much  lower  price  in  Europe,  the  more  so 
since  it  is  nearly  always  mixed  with  the  bark  of  the  tree,  sand  and 
other  impurities. 
BALSAMODENDRON  SPECIES. 
B.  Ehrenbcrgi,  Berg. — This  species  of  the  deserts  of  Arabia  yields 
myrrh,  and  some  other  species  produce  the  same  resin.  Professor 
Oliver  unites  this  with  B.  opobalsamnm,  Kunth,  which  furnishes 
Mecca  or  Gilead  balsam. 
B.  africannm,  Arnott ;  Hendelotia  africana,  Rich.;  Amyris  nioU 
tout,  Adans. 
