io6 
Reviews. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I    Februarj-,  1895. 
as  a  whole,  and  of  the  inner  structure.  A  pocket  magnifying  glass,  or  better,  a 
simple  dissecting  microscope,  is  all  the  apparatus  recommended  at  this  stage  of 
the  work. 
Stems  and  various  other  parts  of  plants  are  then  systematically  treated,  the 
study  of  seeds  completing  this  part  of  the  book. 
The  exercises  in  Part  II  are  prefaced  by  an  illustrated  description  of  the 
compound  microscope  and  accessory  apparatus,  together  with  a  statement 
of  the  preparation  and  properties  of  the  more  important  micro-reagents. 
Staining  fluids,  permanent  mounting  or  enclosing  media,  processes  of  mount- 
ing, drawing  microscopic  objects  and  general  directions  for  work,  also  form 
important  parts  of  the  introduction.  The  first  exercise  in  Part  II  takes  the 
study  of  a  typical  vegetable  cell,  and  the  onion  is  selected  as  the  most  available 
material.    The  study  of  leaf  structure  occupies  the  closing  exercises. 
The  author  says  in  his  preface  that  this  book  had  its  birth  in  the  laboratory, 
and  ever}-  page  bears  evidence  that  this  concise  statement  is  literally  true. 
Being  an  earnest  advocate  of  practical  study,  and  being  one  who  carries  his 
theories  into  practice  by  spending  his  time  in  the  laboratory  or  in  the  field,  Pro- 
fessor Bastin  has  mapped  out  a  course  which  none  but  the  hopelessly  stupid 
can  fail  to  follow.  There  is  no  work  like  it  in  the  pharmaceutical  or  botanical 
literature  of  this  country,  and  we  predict  for  it  a  wide  circulation  outside 
of  the  author's  own  classes. 
The  illustrations  of  plant  structures  were  all  drawn  by  the  author  from 
natural  objects,  and  are  especially  noteworthy.  The  mechanical  part  of  the 
book  has  been  very  carefully  attended  to. 
The  Physiology  of  the  Carbohydrates:  Their  Application  as  Food 
and  Relation  to  Diabetes.  By  F.  W.  Pavy,  M.D.,  Lh  D.,  F.R.S.  Lon- 
don: J.  and  A.  Churchill,  1894.    Pp.  280. 
The  author  has  long  been  recognized  as  an  authority  on  this  subject,  and  he 
very  properly  remarks  in  the  preface  that  "  a  life's  labor,  attended  with  unceas- 
ing laboratory  work,  has  been  devoted  to  the  attainment  of  the  knowledge  that 
has  been  acquired."  The  book,  therefore,  is  not  a  compilation;  it  represents  a 
mass  of  facts  laboriously  acquired.  The  titles  of  some  of  the  chapters  will 
indicate  the  ground  covered;  for  example,  there  is  a  chapter  devoted  to  each  of 
the  following  subjects  :  Transmutation  of  Carbohydrates,  Glucosides,  Descrip- 
tion of  Analytical  Steps  of  Procedure,  Ingested  Carbohydrates  Traced  to  the 
Portal  Blood,  The  Liver  in  Relation  to  the  Sugar  Derived  from  Ingested 
Carbohydrates,  The  Liver  in  Relation  to  Constituent  Sugar,  The  Blood  in  Rela- 
tion to  Sugar,  The  Urine  in  Relation  to  Sugar.  A  number  of  other  equally 
important  chapters,  followed  by  one  on  the  Author's  Conclusions,  completes 
the  work. 
The  conclusions  reached  are:  That  the  old  glycogenic  theory  must  be  aban- 
doned; the  liver,  instead  of  forming  sugar,  prevents  its  entry  into  the  general 
circulation,  and  thus  secures  escape  from  diabetes;  carbohydrate  matter, 
through  the  influence  of  living  protoplasm,  undergoes  (1)  transmutation, 
(2)  application  to  the  production  of  proteid,  (3)  transformation  into  fat. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  subject  is  a  far-reaching  one,  and  embraces  the 
whole  subject  of  health  and  disease. 
The  book  deserves  the  closest  study  at  the  hands  of  the  physician  as  well  as 
